Origin: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)[a]This muscle originates on the manubrium/sternum and the medial, superior clavicle.
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Insertion: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)[a]This muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone and occipital ridge.
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Origin: SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS[a]This muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7.
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Insertion: SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS[a]This muscle inserts on R1.
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Origin: SCALENUS POSTERIOR[a]This muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7.
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Insertion: SCALENUS POSTERIOR[a]This muscle inserts on R2.
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Origin: SPLENIUS CAPITIS[a]This muscle originates on the nuchal ligament, spinous processes (C3-T3).
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Insertion: SPLENIUS CAPITIS[a]This muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone (deep to SCM).
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Origin: SPLENIUS CERVICIS[a]This muscle originates on the upper thoracic spinous processes (T3-T6).
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Insertion: SPLENIUS CERVICIS[a]This muscle inserts on the transverse processes C1-C3.
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Action: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the head and rotation to the opposite side .
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Action: scalenes in bilateral contraction[a]This muscle in bilateral contraction does neck flexion or elevation of R1 and R2 if the neck is fixed.
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Action: scalenes in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the neck and rotation to the opposite side.
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Action: SPLENIUS CAPITIS in bilatereal contraction[a]This muscle in bilateral contraction does extension/hyperextension of the head.
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Action: SPLENIUS CAPITIS in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion.
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Action: SPLENIUS Cervicis in bilatereal contraction[a]This muscle in bilatereal contraction does extension/hyperextension of the neck.
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Action: SPLENIUS Cervicis in unilatereal contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the neck to the same side.
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List the muscles of neck and head extension.[a]bilateral contraction of upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, semispinalis, interspinalis, suboccipital group, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores.
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List the muscles of neck and head in lateral flexion.[a] unilateral contraction of SCM, scalenes, upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and servicis, spinalis, longissimus, suboccipital group, intertransversarii.
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List the muscles of neck and head rotation to the RIGHT.[a] LEFT SCM, upper traps, anterior scalene, transversospinalis group; RIGHT splenius muscles, levator scapula.
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Action: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (bilateral contraction)[a]This muscle does neck and head flexion. (It can also do head extention on C1)
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: scalenes, SCM[a] neck and head flexion.
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Muscles of the neck reversed
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Which muscle does neck and head flexion?[a] STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (bilateral contraction)
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: LEFT SCM, upper traps, anterior scalene, transversospinalis group; RIGHT splenius muscles, levator scapula?[a] neck and head rotation to the right.
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: unilateral contraction of SCM, scalenes, upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and servicis, spinalis, longissimus, suboccipital group, intertransversarii?[a]neck and head lateral flexion.
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: bilateral contraction of upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, semispinalis, interspinalis, suboccipital group, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores?[a] neck and head extension.
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Which muscle inserts on the transverse processes C1-C3?[a] SPLENIUS CERVICIS
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Which muscle originates on the upper thoracic spinous processes (T3-T6)?[a] SPLENIUS CERVICIS
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Which muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone (deep to SCM)?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS
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Which muscle originates on the nuchal ligament, spinous processes (C3-T3)?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS
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Which muscle inserts on R2?[a] SCALENUS POSTERIOR
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Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7?[a] SCALENUS POSTERIOR
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Which muscle inserts on R1?[a] SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS
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Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7?[a] SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS
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Which muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone and occipital ridge?[a] STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)
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Which muscle originates on the manubrium/sternum and the medial, superior clavicle?[a] STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)
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List the muscles of neck and head flexion.[a] scalenes, SCM
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Which muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the neck to the same side and lateral flexion?[a] SPLENIUS Cervicis
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Which muscle in bilatereal contraction does extension/hyperextension of the neck but not the head?[a] SPLENIUS Cervicis
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Which muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS
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Which muscle in bilatereal contraction does extension/hyperextension of the head?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS
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Which muscles in unilateral contraction do lateral flexion of the neck and rotation to the opposite side?[a] scalenes and SCM
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Which muscle in bilateral contraction does neck flexion or elevation of R1 and R2 if the neck is fixed?[a] scalenes
Origin: RECTUS ABDOMINIS[a]This abdominal muscle originates on the pubic crest.
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Insertion: RECTUS ABDOMINIS[a]This abdominal muscle inserts on costal cartilages of ribs 5,6,7 and xiphoid process.
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Origin: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle originates on the inferior 8 ribs (5-12), interdigitating with serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi.
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Insertion: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle inserts on iliac crest, linea alba via abdominal aponeurosis.
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Origin: INTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle originates on the ASIS, iliac crest, and deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia.
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Insertion: INTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle inserts on the linea alba and inferior ribs (9-12).
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Origin: DIAPHRAGM[a]This muscle originates on the posterior xiphoid process, deep surface of lower ribs (7-12) and costal cartilages and the lumbar (L1-L3) vertebral bodies (via the CRURA, three large bundles of musculotendinous fibers).
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Insertion: DIAPHRAGM[a]This muscle inserts on the central tendon — an aponeurosis which does not attach to bone but lies at the top of the muscle, where all fibers come together.
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Attachments: EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle originates on a superior rib and inserts on the rib below.
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Attachments: INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle originates on an inferior rib and inserts on the rib above.
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List the muscles of trunk lateral flexion.[a] unilateral contraction of rectus abominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, intertransversarii.
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List the muscles of trunk rotation to the left.[a] RIGHT transversospinalis group, external abdominal obliques; LEFT internal abdominal obliques.
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Action: INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle does depression of the ribs to exhale.
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Action: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE, INTERNAL OBLIQUE, and RECTUS ABDOMINUS[a]This 3 muscles do flexion of trunk and compression of abdomen.
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Action: DIAPHRAGM[a]This muscle does inhalation as it descends.
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Action: EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle does elevation of the ribs to inhale.
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Action: TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS[a]This muscle does compression of abdomen only.
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Nickname for quadratus lumborum[a]This muscle is called the hip hiker.
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List the muscles of relaxed inhalation.[a] Diaphragm, external intercostals.
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This breathing action requires no muscles at all.[a]relaxed exhalation.
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List the muscles of trunk flexion.[a] rectus abdominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques.
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List the muscles of trunk extension.[a]: bilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, semispinalis. interspinalis, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores
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Action: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion, elevation of pelvis.(It acts as the hip hiker with a Fixed Insertion).
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Action: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM in bilateral contraction[a]This lower back muscle in bilateral contraction does extension of lumbar spine.
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Action: RECTUS ABDOMINIS[a]This muscle does flexion of trunk and compression of the abdomen.
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Action: TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS[a]This muscle does compression of abdomen only.
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Action: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE and internal oblique in bilateral contraction[a]These 2 muscles do flexion of trunk and compression of abdomen in bilateral contraction.
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Action: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion and rotation of trunk to the opposite side.
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Action: INTERNAL OBLIQUE in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the trunk and rotation to the same side.
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Common Action: abdominal muscles[a]This muscle group does compression of the viscera as in forced exhalation.
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Common Action: Pubococcygeus, COCCYGEUS, Iliococcygeus, Puborectalis[a]These muscles support the abdominal floor.
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List the muscles of forced inhalation.[a] Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, posterior superior obliques., pec minor, levatores, Quadratus lumborum, SCM, serratus anterior, pec major.
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List the muscles of forced exhalation.[a]abdominals, internal intercostals, serratus posterior inferior., Quadratus lumborum, iliocostalis.
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Muscles of the trunk reversed
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What are the actions of: Diaphragm, external intercostals?[a] relaxed inhalation.
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Which muscle is called the hip hiker?[a]quadratus lumborum
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Which muscle does compression of abdomen only?[a] TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS
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Which 2 muscles do flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the trunk as well as compression of the viscera?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE and INTERNAL OBLIQUE
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Which muscle does elevation of the ribs to inhale?[a] EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
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Which muscle does inhalation as it descends?[a] DIAPHRAGM
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Which muscle does lateral flexion of the trunk, elevation of pelvis (Fixed Insertion)?[a] QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
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Which 3 muscles do flexion of trunk and compression of abdomen?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE, INTERNAL OBLIQUE, and RECTUS ABDOMINUS
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Which muscle does depression of the ribs to exhale?[a] INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: RIGHT external abdominal obliques; LEFT internal abdominal obliques?[a] trunk rotation to the left.
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: unilateral contraction of rectus abominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, intertransversarii?[a]trunk lateral flexion.
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Which muscle originates on an inferior rib and inserts on the rib above?[a] INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
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Which muscle originates on a superior rib and inserts on the rib below?[a]EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
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Which muscle inserts on the central tendon?[a] DIAPHRAGM
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Which muscle originates on the posterior xiphoid process, deep surface of lower ribs (7-12) and costal cartilages and the lumbar (L1-L3) vertebral bodies ?[a] DIAPHRAGM
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Which abdominal muscle inserts on the linea alba and inferior ribs (9-12)?[a] INTERNAL OBLIQUE
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Which abdominal muscle originates on the ASIS, iliac crest, and deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia?[a] INTERNAL OBLIQUE
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Which abdominal muscle inserts on iliac crest, linea alba via abdominal aponeurosis?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
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Which abdominal muscle originates on the inferior 8 ribs (5-12), interdigitating with serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
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Which abdominal muscle inserts on costal cartilages of ribs 5,6,7 and xiphoid process?[a] RECTUS ABDOMINIS
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Which abdominal muscle originates on the pubic crest?[a] RECTUS ABDOMINIS
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Which posterior abdominal wall muscle inserts on lumbar (L1-L4) transverse processes (oblique fibers), R12?[a] QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
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Which posterior abdominal wall muscle originates on the posterior iliac crest?[a] QUADRATUS LUMBORUM
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: bilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, interspinalis, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores[a] trunk extension.
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In which movement are these muscles synergists: rectus abdominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques?[a] trunk flexion.
Attachments: INTERTRANSVERSARII[a]This paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the next transverse process superior to it.
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Attachments: INTERSPINALES[a]This paraspinal muscle goes from a spinous process to the next spinous process superior to it.
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Attachments: LEVATORES[a]This paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the rib immediately inferior.
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Action: ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP in bilateral contraction[a]This muscle in bilateral contraction does extension of the whole spine.
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Action: ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the whole spine.
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Action: SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS in Bilateral contraction[a]TheseTRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in bilateral contraction do extension.
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Action: SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS in unilateral contraction[a]These TRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in unilateral contraction do rotation to opposite side.
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Action: ROTATORES[a]This muscle does rotation of the vertebrae to the opposite side.
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What are the columns of the erector spinae from lateral to medial.[a]This group is composed of ILIOCOSTALIS, LONGISSIMUS and SPINALIS.
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What are the sections of the erector spinae from inferior to superior.[a] This muscle is divided into lumborum, thoracis, cervisis and capitis sections.
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List the muscles of the transverso spinalis group.[a] semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores.
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Action: INTERSPINALES[a]This deep back muscle only does extension of the vertebrae.
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Action: LEVATORES[a]This deep back muscle does elevation of the ribs and assists in rotation of the spine.
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Muscles of the spine reversed
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Which deep back muscle does elevation of the ribs and assists in rotation of the spine?[a] LEVATORES
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Which deep back muscle only does extension of the vertebrae?[a] INTERSPINALES
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Which muscle group group is composed of semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores?[a] The muscles of the transverso spinalis group.
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What muscle is divided into lumborum, thoracis, cervisis and capitis sections?[a]erector spinae from inferior to superior.
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Which group is composed of ILIOCOSTALIS, LONGISSIMUS and SPINALIS?[a] The columns of the erector spinae from lateral to medial.
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Which deep back muscle does only lateral flexion of the vertebrae in unilateral contraction?[a] INTERTRANSVERSARII
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Which TRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in unilateral contraction do rotation to opposite side?[a] SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS
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Which TRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in bilateral contraction do extension?[a] SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS
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Which muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the whole spine?[a] ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP
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Which muscle in bilateral contraction does extension of the whole spine?[a] ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP
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Which paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the rib immediately inferior?[a] LEVATORES
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Which paraspinal muscle goes from a spinous process to the next spinous process superior to it?[a] INTERSPINALES
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Which paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the next transverse process superior to it?[a] INTERTRANSVERSARII
Action: CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII[a]This muscle furrows space between brows.
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Action: MENTALIS[a]This muscle draws lower lip forward (“pouting”).
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Action: PLATYSMA[a]This muscle is used in grimacing, screaming, can assist in depression of mandible.
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Origin: TEMPORALIS[a]This muscle originates on the temporal bone.
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Insertion: TEMPORALIS[a]This muscle inserts on the coronoid process/mandible.
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Origin: MASSETER[a]This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch.
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Insertion: MASSETER[a]This muscle inserts on the angle and ramus of mandible.
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Action: BUCCINATOR[a]This muscle draws cheeks inward, helps keep food in the mouth while chewing
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Face reversed
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Which muscle is used in grimacing, screaming, can assist in depression of mandible?[a] PLATYSMA
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Which muscle draws lower lip forward (“pouting”)?[a] MENTALIS
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Which muscle furrows space between brows?[a] CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII
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Which muscle wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows?[a] FRONTALIS
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Which muscle flares nostrils to increase pathway for air and enhance smelling?[a] NASALIS
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Which muscle smiles?[a] ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR
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Which muscle purses the lips when kissing?[a] ORBICULARIS ORIS
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Which muscle does squinting and closes the eye?[a] ORBICULARIS OCULI
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Which muscles do elevation of the mandible?[a] TEMPORALIS, MASSETER, MEDIAL PTERYGOID
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Which muscle does DEPRESSION and translation (to opposite side), protrusion of the mandible?[a] LATERAL PTERYGOID
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Which muscles are these: SUPERIOR RECTUS, MEDIAL RECTUS, INFERIOR RECTUS, INFERIOR OBLIQUE, LATERAL RECTUS, SUPERIOR OBLIQUE[a] the intrinsic muscles of the eye.
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Which muscle goes from the sphincter of the mouth to zygomatic arch?[a] ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR
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Which muscle goes around the mouth?[a] ORBICULARIS ORIS
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Which muscle goes around the eye?[a] Orbularis Oculi
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Which chewing muscle inserts on the mandibular condyle, articular disc of TMJ?[a]LATERAL PTERYGOID
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Which chewing muscle originates on the lateral plate of pterygoid process/sphenoid?[a] LATERAL PTERYGOID
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Which chewing muscle inserts on the angle of mandible, inferior surface?[a]MEDIAL PTERYGOID
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Which chewing muscle originates on the medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate?[a] MEDIAL PTERYGOID
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Which muscle inserts on the angle and ramus of mandible?[a] MASSETER
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Which muscle originates on the zygomatic arch?[a] MASSETER
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Which muscle inserts on the coronoid process/mandible?[a] TEMPORALIS
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Which muscle originates on the temporal bone?[a] TEMPORALIS
What structure is made of 80 bones[a] the axial skeleton
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What structure is made of 126 bones[a]the appendicular skeleton
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What structure is made of 26 bones[a] vertebral column
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Which part of the VC is made of 7 bones[a] cervical
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Which part of the VC is made of 12 bones[a] thoracic
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Which part of the VC is made of 5 bones[a]lumbar
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What structure is made of 5 fused vertebrae[a] sacrum
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posterior (primary) curves – list[a]thoracic and sacral curves
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anterior (secondary) curves – list[a] the cervical and lumbar curves
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What is the lowest bone in the vertebral column/[a] the coccyx
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What are the most anterior structure of vertebra?[a] the body of the vertebra
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What are the pedicles?[a]These are the “bridges” between the body and the transverse processes of the vertebrae (Each has a superior and inferior VERTEBRAL NOTCH.)
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What are the laminae?[a]These are the “bridges” between the transverse processes and spinous processes of the vertebrae (When the column is stacked they form the LAMINAR GROOVE.)
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What is the neural arch?[a]This structure is formed by the pedicles and laminae on the posterior portion of the vertebra.
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What are the transverse processes?[a]These are located on each side of a vertebra, point laterally and are used for muscle and rib attachment in the thoracic region.
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Where are the spinous process[a]These are the most posterior portion of a vertebra.
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What are the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS and INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS for?[a]These structures forms joints with adjacent vertebrae
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The POSTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS are composed of which processes?[a]These joints are formed by the inferior and superior articular processes of the posterior vertebrae.
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Where are the ANTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS/ SYMPHYSES?[a]These are the joints located between the vertebral bodies.
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intervertebral disc – structure[a] fibrocartilage surrounnding a colloid (acts like a shock absorber)
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The annulus fibrosus is part of what?[a] fibrocartilage outer part of a disc
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The nucleus pulposus is part of what?[a] gelatinous fluid within a disc
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transverse foramina – location[a] small holes in the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae
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bifid spinous processes – location[a] the spinous processes of C2-C6 forked to accommodate the nuchal ligament
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C1 aka[a] the atlas
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C2 aka[a] the axis
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Which bones make up the atlantooccipital joint[a] the atlas and condyles (rounded bumps) of the occipital bone of the skull
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What movement does the atlantoaxial joint allow for[a]This joint permits neck rotation. (Looks like shaking your head “no” and is a synovial pivot joint.)
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vertebra prominens – location[a] C7
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Vertebrae reversed
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What is located at C7?[a]vertebra prominens
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What is the joint that permits neck rotation? (Looks like shaking your head “no” and is a synovial pivot joint.)[a]the atlantoaxial joint
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What is the joint between the atlas and condyles (rounded bumps) of the occipital bone of the skull?[a] the atlantooccipital joint
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What vertebea forms the axis?[a]C2
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What vertebrea forms the atlas?[a]C1
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How are the spinous processes of C2-C6 different?[a]bifid spinous processes and transverse foramina
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What are the small holes in the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae?[a]transverse foramina
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What is the gelatinous fluid within a disc?[a]The nucleus pulposus
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What is the collagenous(fibrous) outer part of a disc?[a]The annulus fibrosus
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What is made of fibrocartilage and acts like a shock absorber?[a]intervertebral disc
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What are the joints located between the vertebral bodies?[a] ANTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS/ SYMPHYSES
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What joints are formed by the inferior and superior articular processes of the posterior vertebrae?[a]The POSTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS
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What structures forms the posterior joints with adjacent vertebrae?[a] the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS and INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS
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What is located on the most posterior portion of a vertebra?[a] the spinous process
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What is located on each side of a vertebra, point laterally and are used for muscle and rib attachment in the thoracic region?[a] the transverse processes
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What is the structure formed by the pedicles and laminae on the posterior portion of the vertebra?[a] the neural arch
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What are the “bridges” between the transverse processes and spinous processes of the vertebrae? (When the column is stacked they form the LAMINAR GROOVE)[a]the laminae
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What are the “bridges” between the body and the transverse processes of the vertebrae? (Each has a superior and inferior VERTEBRAL NOTCH.)[a] the pedicles
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Where is the body of the vertebra?[a] the most anterior structure of vertebra
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What are the cervical and lumbar curves?[a]anterior (secondary) curves
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What are the thoracic and sacral curves?[a]posterior (primary) curves
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What is the sacrum made of?[a] 5 fused vertebrae
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What is the number of lumbar vertebrae?[a] 5 bones
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What is the number of thoracic vertebrae?[a] 12 bones
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What is the number of cervical vertebrae?[a] 7 bones
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What is the number of bones in the vertebral column?[a]of 26 bones
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What is the number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?[a]126 bones
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What is the number of bones in the axial skeleton?[a] 80 bones
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What is the number of bones in the entire skeleton?[a]206 bones
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Vertebral column thorax and skull
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COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS – describe[a]These joints are located between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the heads of the ribs.
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List the bones of the the thorax[a]the ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum compose.
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True Ribs aka[a]These are the vertebrosternal ribs
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False Ribs aka[a]These are the vertebrochondral and floating ribs.
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costal cartilage – describe[a] This binds ribs to sternum.
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xiphoid process – describe[a]That is the lowest portion of the sternum and the site of muscle attachment for diaphragm and rectus abdominus.
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GOMPHOSES – location[a]These type of joints are located between the teeth and alveoli.
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SUTURES – location[a]These type of joints bind the cranial bones together.
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Sagittal suture – location[a] the suture between parietal bones.
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Coronal suture – location[a] the suture between frontal and parietal bones.
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Squamosal suture – location[a]the suture between temporal bones and parietal/frontal/sphenoid bones.
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Lambdoidal suture – location[a] the suture between occipital and parietal bones.
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Fontanels – location[a] The “soft spots” on infants heads where the bones of the skull have not ossified.
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incus aka[a] anvil.
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malleus aka[a] hammer.
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stapes aka[a] stirrup. (it even looks like one)
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Vertebral column thorax and skull reversed
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Which auditory ossicle is called the stirrup? [a]stapes
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Which auditory ossicle is called the hammer?[a]malleus
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Which auditory ossicle is called the anvil?[a]incus
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Name the “soft spots” on infants heads where the bones of the skull have not ossified.[a]Fontanels
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Name the suture between occipital and parietal bones.[a]Lambdoidal suture
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Name the suture between temporal bones and parietal/frontal/sphenoid bones.[a]Squamosal suture
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Name the suture between frontal and parietal bones.[a]Coronal suture
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Name the suture between parietal bones.[a]Sagittal suture
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Which type of joints bind the cranial bones together?[a]SUTURES
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Which type of joints are located between the teeth and alveoli?[a]GOMPHOSES
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What is the lowest portion of the sternum and the site of muscle attachment for diaphragm and rectus abdominus?[a]xiphoid process
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What attaches ribs to sternum?[a]costal cartilage
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Which are the vertebrochondral and floating ribs?[a] False Ribs
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Which are the vertebrosternal ribs[a]True Ribs
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What do the bones of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum compose?[a]the thorax
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Which joints are located between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the heads of the ribs?[a]COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS
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skull
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NASAL BONES – describe [a] the bridge of the nose.
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INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE – describe [a]These scroll shaped bones articulate with the ethmoid.
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VOMER – describe [a] the inferior portion of the nasal septum.
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ZYGOMATIC (MALAR) BONES – describe [a] These bones form the prominence of the cheeks and part of orbit.
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the cranial bones – list [a] frontal (1), parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital (1), ethmoid (1), and sphenoid (1).
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PALATINE BONES – describe [a] These are the “L” shaped bones that contribute to the roof of the mouth.
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LACRIMAL BONES – describe [a]These are the smallest bones of the face and lie in the medial walls of the orbits.
foramen magnum – function [a]This is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the cranium.
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occipital condyles – function [a]These features articulate with the superior articular processes of the atlas to form the atlantooccipital joint.
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supraorbital ridge – location [a]This is the ridge forming superior margin of orbit of the frontal bone.
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PARIETAL BONES – function [a]These bones form the side walls and bulk of the roof of the cranium.
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OCCIPITAL BONE – function [a]This bone forms the lower cranial floor.
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external auditory meatus – location [a]This is the canal through the temporal bone.
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mandibular fossa – describe [a]This is the indentation anterior to the auditory meatus of the temporal bone that receives the mandibular condyle o form the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT.
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styloid process – describe [a]This projects down from the temporal bone and suspends the hyoid
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mastoid process – describe [a]large rounded bumps that serve as a muscle attachment for the sternocleidomastiod. (temporal)
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sella turcica – describe [a] “seat” or “saddle” for the pituitary gland. (sphenoid)
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ETHMOID – describe [a]This forms most of nasal cavity, a tiny part of cranial floor and some of the orbit.
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crista galli “cock’s comb” – describe [a]This structure which anchors the DURA MATER of the brain to the ethmoid bone.
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turbinates – describe [a]These are the scroll-shaped projections covered by a mucous membrane that extend from the labyrinths into the cavity of ethmoid.
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MANDIBLE – describe [a] the lower jawbone.
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mandibular condyle – describe [a]This is the rounded projection on the posterior aspect of the ramus that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
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alveolar ridge w/ alveoli – describe [a]These are the portions of the mandible and maxillae that receive teeth.
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MAXILLARY BONES- describe [a] the upper jaw bones.
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skull reversed
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What is the name of the upper jaw bones?[a]MAXILLARY BONES
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What is the portion of the mandible and maxillae that receive teeth?[a]alveolar ridge w/ alveoli
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What is the rounded projection on the posterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?[a]mandibular condyle
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What is the name of the lower jawbone?[a]MANDIBLE
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What are the scroll-shaped projections covered by mucous membrane that extend from the labyrinths into the cavity of ethmoid?[a]turbinates
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What is the structure which anchors the DURA MATER of the brain to the ethmoid bone?[a]crista galli “cock’s comb”
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What forms most of nasal cavity, a tiny part of cranial floor and some of the orbit?[a]ETHMOID
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What serves as a “seat” or “saddle” for the pituitary gland?[a]sella turcica
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What is the “keystone” of the skull?[a]SPHENOID BONE
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What are the large rounded bumps that serve as a muscle attachment for the sternocleidomastiod?[a] mastoid process
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What projects down from the temporal bone and suspends the hyoid?[a] styloid process
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What is the indentation anterior to the auditory meatus of the temporal bone that receives the mandibular condyle to form the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT?[a]mandibular fossa
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What is the canal through the temporal bone?[a]external auditory meatus
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Which bone forms the lower cranial floor?[a]OCCIPITAL BONE
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Which bones form the side walls and bulk of the roof of the cranium?[a]PARIETAL BONE
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What is the ridge forming superior margin of orbit of the frontal bone?[a]supraorbital ridge
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What features articulate with the superior articular processes of the atlas to form the atlantooccipital joint?[a]occipital condyles
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What is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the cranium?[a]foramen magnum
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Which are the smallest bones of the face and lie in the medial walls of the orbits?[a]LACRIMAL BONES
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Which are the “L” shaped bones that contribute to the roof of the mouth?[a]PALATINE BONES
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Which bones form the prominence of the cheeks and part of orbit?[a]ZYGOMATIC (MALAR) BONES
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Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?[a]VOMER
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Which scroll shaped bones articulate with the ethmoid?[a]INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
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What bones make the bridge of the nose?[a]NASAL BONES
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What are the only freely movable joints of the skull?[a]TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS (TMJ)
