Urinary system deck
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Urinary system – function[a]This system eliminates wastes, maintains: water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance and blood pH.
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Urinary system – structure[a]This system is composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
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Kidneys – location[a]These organs are located in the retroperitoneal at the level of T12-L3.
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Kidneys – blood flow per minute[a]1/4 of cardiac output.
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Kidneys – structure[a] cortex, medulla and pelvis.
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Renal cortex – define[a] the superficial layer which contains most of the nephrons.
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Renal medulla- define[a]the inner part which contains renal pyramids.
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Renal pelvis – define[a] the hollow medial area of the kidney for urine to accumulate.
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Nephron – structure[a] glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule, proximal convoluted tube, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tube and a collecting duct.
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Afferent arteriole – define[a]This type of arteriole enters the glomerular capsule.
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Glomerulus – define[a]This term describes the network of capillaries inside the capsule where plasma is separated from blood cells.
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Efferent arteriole – define[a]This type of arteriole exits the glomerular capsule.
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Peritubular capillary – define[a]This type of capillary winds around the tubule reabsorbing filtrate.
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Through what processes is urine formed?[a] glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion.
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Glomerular filtration – define[a] blood separated into cells and plasma.
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Tubular Reabsorption – define[a]plasma is returned to the bloodstream.
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Tubular Secretion – define[a] plasma is rechecked for toxins and cleaned before entering venules.
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Filtrate – define[a]plasma and it’s solutes inside the nephron.
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What does hydrostatic pressure do in the nephron?[a]This passive process drives glomerular filtration.
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What does osmotic pressure do in the nephron?[a]This passive process drives tubular reabsorption.
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What do we make 48 gallons (180 liters) of a day? [a]filtrate
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What do we make 1 to two liters of a day?[a]urine
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Tubular Reabsorption – define[a]This process reabsorbs all nutrients, 99% of the plasma, and electrolytes.
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Renin – effect[a]This kidney hormone triggers the renin-angiotensin pathway.
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Aldosterone – effect[a]This homone causes increased Na+ reabsorption which leads to filtrate reabsorption. Less Urine. More blood conservation.
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What triggers renin release?[a]This hormone is triggered by the kidney in response to low blood pressure.
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Renin – function in the blood[a]This hormone turns angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1.
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Angiotensin II- function[a]This hormone is a vasoconstrictor and trigger for Aldaosterone release.
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ADH, PTH Aldosterone – common target[a]These hormones act on the nephron.
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Urine – define[a]This substance is the remains of the filtrate when it leaves the distal convoluted tubule.
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Micturation – define[a] urination.
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Ureter – function[a]This structure drains urine from kidney to bladder.
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Ureter & Urethra – structure[a]a tube with an internal lining of mucous membrane, a smooth muscle layer, and an outer layer of CT.
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Urethra – function[a] drains urine from bladder.
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Bladder – define[a]This structure is an expandable muscular bag lined with transitional epithelium.
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Polydipsia – define[a] excessive thirst.
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Polyuria – define[a] excessive urination.
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Glucosuria – define[a] glucose in urine.
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Diabetes mellitus – define[a]This term describes a disease where high BGL’s cause failure of osmosis resulting in polydipsia, polyuria and glucosuria.
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Urinary system deck reversed
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Which term describes a disease where high BGL’s cause failure of osmosis resulting in polydipsia, polyuria and glucosuria?[a]Diabetes mellitus
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Which term describes glucose in urine?[a]Glucosuria
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Which term describes excessive urination?[a]Polyuria
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Which term describes excessive thirst?[a]Polydipsia
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Which structure is an expandable muscular bag lined with transitional epithelium?[a]Bladder
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Which structure drains urine from bladder?[a]Urethra
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Which structures are composed of a tube with an internal lining of mucous membrane, a smooth muscle layer, and an outer layer of CT?[a]Ureter & Urethra
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Which structure drains urine from kidney to bladder?[a]Ureter
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Which term describes urination?[a]Micturation
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What do we call filtrate when it leaves the distal convoluted tubule?[a]Urine
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Which hormones act on the nephron?[a]ADH, PTH, Aldosterone
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Which substance is a vasoconstrictor and trigger for Aldosterone release?[a]Angiotensin II
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Which hormone turns angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1?[a]Renin
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How does the kidney respond to low blood pressure?[a] renin release
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Which hormone causes increased Na+ reabsorption?[a]Aldosterone
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Which hormone triggers the renin-angiotensin pathway?[a]Renin
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Which process reabsorbs all nutrients, 99% of the plasma, and electrolytes?[a]Tubular Reabsorption
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How much urine is produced daily?[a]one to two liters
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How much filtrate is produced daily?[a]48 gallons (180 liters)
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Which passive process drives tubular reabsorption?[a] osmotic pressure
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Which passive process drives glomerular filtration?[a] hydrostaic pressure
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Which term describes plasma and its solutes inside the nephron?[a]Filtrate
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In which process is plasma rechecked for toxins and cleaned before entering venules?[a]Tubular Secretion
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In which process is plasma returned to the bloodstream?[a]Tubular Reabsorption
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In which process is blood separated into cells and plasma?[a]Glomerular filtration
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Which substance is formed through glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion?[a] urine
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Which type of capillary winds around tubule reabsorbing filtrate?[a]Peritubular capillary
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Which type of arteriole exits the glomerular capsule?[a]Efferent arteriole
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Which term describes the network of capillaries inside the capsule where plasma is separated from blood cells?[a]Glomerulus
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Which type of arteriole enters the glomerular capsule?[a]Afferent arteriole
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Which structure is composed of a glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule, proximal convoluted tube, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tube and a collecting duct?[a]Nephron
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Which kidney structure composes the hollow medial area of the kidney for urine to accumulate?[a]Renal pelvis
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Which kidney structure composes the inner part which contains renal pyramids?[a]Renal medulla
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Which kidney structure composes the superficial layer which contains most of the nephrons?[a]Renal cortex
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Which organs have a cortex, medulla and pelvis?[a]Kidneys
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Which organs receive 1/4 of cardiac output?[a]Kidneys
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Which organs are located in the retroperitoneal at the level of T12-L3?[a]Kidneys
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Which system is composed of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra?[a]Urinary system
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Which system eliminates wastes, maintains: water balance, blood volume, blood pressure, electrolyte balance and blood pH?[a]Urinary system
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