[q]

Endocrine glands – define[a]These glands are ductless and secrete hormones into blood.

[q]

Exocrine glands – define[a]These glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to a body area. (sweat, salivary glands)

[q]

Pancreas – functions[a]This unusual gland is both exocrine and endocrine

[q]

Hormones – define[a]These chemical substances are secreted by cells into extracellular fluids to regulate metabolism of other cells in the body.

[q]

Synergism – define[a] This process describes hormones working together to produce a stronger effect.

[q]

Antagonism – define[a]This process describes when hormones have opposite effects

[q]

Humoral change, neural & other hormonal stimulation – function[a]These stimuli will cause the release of hormones

[q]

Pituitary – define[a] This is the “master gland” of the endocrine system

[q]

Infundibulum – define[a] This structure attaches the pituitary to the hypothalamus

[q]

Adenohypophysis – define[a]anterior lobe of the pituitary

[q]

Neurohypophysis – define[a]posterior lobe of the pituitary

[q]

Pituitary – location[a] sella turcica

[q]

Thyroid – location[a] on the larynx

[q]

Parathyroid glands – location[a] behind the thyroid

[q]

Adrenal Glands – location[a]on the kidneys

[q]

Pineal – location[a]roof of the third ventricle

[q]

Thymus – location[a] mediastinum

[q]

Ovaries – location[a]in the pelvis

[q]

Testes – location[a] scrotum

[q]

Pancreas – location[a]behind the stomach

[q]

Gigantism & Acromegaly – cause[a] oversecretion of Growth Hormone (GH)

[q]

Pituitary dwarfism – cause[a]undersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH)

[q]

Grave’s Disease (Hyperthyroidism)- cause[a] oversecretion of T3 and T4

[q]

Hypothyroidism – cause[a] undersecretion of T3 and T4

[q]

Goiter – cause[a]lack of iodine

[q]

Cushing’s Syndrome – cause[a] hypersecretion of cortisol

[q]

Addison’s Disease – cause[a] hyposecretion of both aldosterone and cortisol

[q]

Diabetes mellitus – cause[a] hyposecretion of or insensitivity to insulin

[q]

Seasonal Affective Disorder – cause[a]Which condition is the result of hypersecretion of melatonin in the winter

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 1 reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which type of glands are ductless and secrete hormones into blood?[a]Endocrine glands

[q]

Which type of glands secrete their products into ducts that lead to a body area? (sweat, salivary glands)[a]Exocrine glands

[q]

Which unusual gland is both exocrine and endocrine?[a]Pancreas

[q]

Which type of chemical substances are secreted by cells into extracellular fluids to regulate metabolism of other cells in the body[a]Hormones

[q]

Which process describes hormones working together to produce a stronger effect?[a]Synergism

[q]

Which process describes when hormones have opposite effects?[a]Antagonism

[q]

Which type of stimuli will cause the release of hormones?[a]Humoral change, neural & other hormonal stimulation

[q]

Which gland is the “master gland” of the endocrine system?[a]Pituitary

[q]

Which structure attaches the pituitary to the hypothalamus?[a]Infundibulum

[q]

Which structure composes the anterior lobe of the pituitary?[a]Adenohypophysis

[q]

Which structure composes the posterior lobe of the pituitary?[a]Neurohypophysis

[q]

How many hormones does the anterior lobe of the pituitary make?[a] 7 hormones

[q]

How many hormones does the posterior lobe of the pituitary make?[a]2 hormones –

[q]

Which gland is located in the sella turcica?[a]Pituitary

[q]

Which gland is located on the larynx?[a]Thyroid

[q]

Which glands are located behind the thyroid?[a]Parathyroid gland

[q]

Which glands are located on the kidneys?[a]Adrenal Glands

[q]

Which gland is located on the roof of the third ventricle?[a]Pineal

[q]

Which gland is located in the mediastinum?[a]Thymus

[q]

Which female glands are located in the pelvis?[a]Ovaries

[q]

Which glands are located in the scrotum[a]Testes – location

[q]

Which gland is located behind the stomach?[a]Pancreas – location

[q]

Which conditions are the result of an oversecretion of Growth Hormone? (GH)[a]Gigantism & Acromegaly

[q]

Which condition is the result of undersecretion of Growth Hormone? (GH)[a]Pituitary dwarfism

[q]

Which condition is the result of oversecretion of T3 and T4[a]Hyperthyroidism

[q]

Which condition is the result of undersecretion of T3 and T4?[a]Grave’s Disease (hypothtroidism)

[q]

Which condition is the result of lack of iodine?[a]Goiter

[q]

Which syndrome is the result of hypersecretion of cortisol?[a]Cushing’s Syndrome

[q]

Which disease is the result of hyposecretion of cortisol?[a]Addison’s Disease

[q]

Which disease is the result of hypersecretion of or insensitivity to insulin?[a]Diabetes mellitus

[q]

Which condition is the result of hypersecretion of melatonin in the winter?[a]Seasonal Affective Disorder

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 2 triggers [qdeck]

[q]

Low levels of GH, exercise, low blood glucose level’s (BGL) – trigger release of[a] Growth Hormone (GH)

[q]

Low levels of thyroid hormone – triggers release of[a]Thyroid Stimulation Hormone (TSH)

[q]

Stress, illness, injury, low levels of glucocorticoids & low Blood Glucose Level’s (BGL) – trigger release of[a] Adrenocorticotropic Hormone(ACTH)

[q]

Low levels of estrogen or testosterone – triggers release of[a]Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

[q]

UV Radiation – triggers release of[a] Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

[q]

Increased blood osmolarity – triggers release of[a] Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

[q]

Stimulation of the cervix or nipple – triggers release of[a] Oxytocin

[q]

Low levels of thyroid hormone, pregnancy, prolonged cold – triggers release of[a]Thyroxine

[q]

Increase in blood calcium levels – triggers release of[a]Calcitonin

[q]

Decrease in blood calcium levels – triggers release of[a]Parathyroid Hormone

[q]

Angiotensin II – triggers release of[a] Aldosteron

[q]

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) – triggers release of[a] Cortisol

[q]

The Sympathetic NS – triggers release of[a] Epinephrine

[q]

Low Blood Glucose Level’s (BGL) – triggers release of[a] Glucagon

[q]

High Blood Glucose Level’s (BGL) – triggers release of[a] Insulin

[q]

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) – causes production of[a] Estrogen

[q]

Lutenizing Hormone (LH) – causes production of[a] Progesterone

[q]

Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) – triggers release of[a] Testosterone

[q]

Darkness – triggers release of[a]Melatonin

[q]

Low BP & Blood volume – trigger release of[a] Renin

[q]

Hypoxia – triggers release of[a] Erythropoietin

[q]

Food, caffiene, alcohol & stretch of stomach – trigger release of[a] Gastrin

[q]

Acidic food entering small intestine – triggers release of[a]of Secretin

[q]

Fatty food entering small intestine – triggers release of[a]Cholecystokinin

[q]

Increased blood volume – triggers release of[a] Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

[q]

the embryo – triggers release of[a] Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

[q]

Pregancy – triggers release of[a] Relaxin

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 2 triggers reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Growth Hormone? (GH)[a]Low levels of GH, exercise, blood glucose level’s (BGL)

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Thyroid Stimulation Hormone? (TSH)[a]Low levels of thyroid hormone

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone? (ACTH)[a]Stress, illness, injury, low levels of glucocorticoids & low Blood Glucose Level’s (BGL)

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Lutenizing Hormone? (FSH)[a]Low levels of estrogen or testosterone

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone? (MSH)[a]UV Radiation

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Antidiuretic Hormone? (ADH)[a]increased blood osmolarity

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Oxytocin?[a]Stimulation of the cervix or nipple

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Thyroxine?[a]Low levels of thyroid hormone, pregnancy, prolonged cold

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Calcitonin?[a]Increase in blood calcium levels

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Parathyroid Hormone?[a]Decrease in blood calcium levels

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Aldosterone?[a]Angiotensin II

[q]

Which hormone triggers release of Cortisol?[a]Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

[q]

Which system triggers release of Epinephrine?[a]The Sympathetic NS

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Glucagon?[a]Low Blood Glucose Level’s (BGL)

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Insulin?[a]High Blood Glucose Level’s (BGL)

[q]

Which hormone triggers release of Estrogen?[a]Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

[q]

Which hormone triggers release of Progesterone?[a]Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

[q]

Which hormone triggers release of Testosterone?[a]Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH)

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Melatonin?[a]Darkness

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Renin?[a]Low BP & Blood volume

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Erythropoietin?[a]Hypoxia

[q]

Which hormone triggers release of Calcitriol?[a]Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Gastrin?[a]Food, caffiene, alcohol & stretch of stomach

[q]

Which conditions trigger release of Secretin?[a]Acidic food entering small intestine

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Cholecystokinin?[a]Fatty food entering small intestine

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide?[a]Increased blood volume and pressure

[q]

Which condition & structure triggers release of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin?[a]Pregancy & the embryo

[q]

Which condition triggers release of Relaxin?[a]Pregancy

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 3 actions [qdeck]

[q]

Growth Hormone (GH) – action[a]This hormone causes lengthening of bone increase in muscle mass & blood glucose levels. (BGL)

[q]

Thyroid Stimulation Hormone (TSH) – action[a]This hormone causes production of Thyroid hormone.

[q]

Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH)- action[a]This hormone causes secretion of Glucocorticoid hormones.

[q]

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)- action[a]This hormone causes spermatogenesis in men and maturation of the ova in women.

[q]

Prolactin (PRL) – action[a]This hormone causes production of breast milk.

[q]

Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH) – action[a]This hormone causes increase in skin pigment.

[q]

Lutenizing Hormone (LH) – action[a]This hormone causes testosterone production in men and ovulation in women.

[q]

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)- action[a]This hormone causes increased reabsorption of water in the kidneys and therefore less urine production.

[q]

Oxytocin (OT) – action[a]This hormone causes uterine contraction and milk letdown.

[q]

Thyroxine (T4) – action[a]This hormone increases basal metabolic rate, promotes glycogenolysis & has calorigenic (heat producing) effect.

[q]

Calcitonin (CT) – action[a]This hormone causes calcium to be moved from the blood to the bones.

[q]

Cortisol – action[a]This hormone causes increase in BGL and is an antiinflammatory.

[q]

Aldosterone – action[a]This hormone causes an increase in Na+ reabsorbtion and blood pressure.

[q]

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) – action[a]This hormone causes movement of CA++ from bones to the blood & increases reabsorption of Ca++ from kidneys.

[q]

Glucagon – action[a]This hormone causes an increase in BGL’s.

[q]

Insulin – action[a]This hormone causes a decrease in BGL’s.

[q]

Estrogen – action[a]This hormone regulates menses & stimulates breast tissue growth.

[q]

Progesterone – action[a]This hormone maintains the endometrium after ovulation & during pregnancy.

[q]

Testosterone – action[a]This hormone causes larger larynx & vocal cords, male pattern hair growth, increased muscle mass & bone density.

[q]

Melatonin – action[a]This hormone regulates the sleep/wake cycle.

[q]

Renin – action[a]This hormone converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I.

[q]

Erythropoietin – action[a]This hormone causes bone marrow to produce more Erythrocytes.

[q]

Parathroid Hormone – action[a]This hormone causes an increase in absorption of calcium from dietary sources in small intestine.

[q]

Gastrin – action[a]This hormone causes secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.

[q]

Secretin – action[a]This hormone causes the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize acids in food coming from stomach & stimulates liver to make bile to break down fats.

[q]

Cholecystokinin – action[a]This hormone causes the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes & stimulates gallbladder to empty bile into small intestine.

[q]

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) – action[a]This hormone inhibits production of renin & aldosterone increasing urine output & decreassing blood pressure.

[q]

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin – action[a]This hormone stops the Corpus Luteum from deteriorating.

[q]

Relaxin – action[a]This hormone softens connective tissues.

[q]

Diabetes Mellitus – list symptoms[a] Polyphagia, polyuria & polydyspia are symptoms of this disease.

[q]

Addison’s Disease – define[a]This disease causes fat deposits on the face and back, hypotension, fatigue and low resistance to stress.

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 3 actions reversed[qdeck]

[q]

Which hormone causes lengthening of bone, increase in muscle mass & blood glucose levels? (BGL)[a]Growth Hormone (GH)

[q]

Which hormone causes production of Thyroid hormone?[a]Thyroid Stimulation Hormone (TSH)

[q]

Which hormone causes secretion of Glucocorticoid hormones?[a]Adrenocorticotropin Hormone (ACTH)

[q]

Which hormone causes spermatogenesis in men and maturation of the ova in women?[a]Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

[q]

Which hormone causes production of breast milk?[a]Prolactin (PRL)

[q]

Which hormone causes increase in skin pigment?[a]Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (MSH)

[q]

Which hormone causes testosterone production in men and ovulation in women?[a]Lutenizing Hormone (LH)

[q]

Which hormone causes increased reabsorption of water in the kidneys and therefore less urine production?[a]Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

[q]

Which hormone causes uterine contraction and milk letdown?[a]Oxytocin (OT)

[q]

Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate, promotes glycogenolysis & has calorigenic (heat producing) effect?[a]Thyroxine (T4)

[q]

Which hormone causes calcium to be moved from the blood to the bones?[a]Calcitonin (CT)

[q]

Which hormone causes increase in BGL and is an antiinflammatory?[a]Cortisol

[q]

Which hormone causes an increase in Na+ reabsorbtion and blood pressure?[a]Aldosterone

[q]

Which hormone causes movement of CA++ from bones to the blood & increases reabsorption of Ca++ from kidneys?[a]Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

[q]

Which hormone causes an increase in BGL’s?[a]Glucagon

[q]

Which hormone causes a decrease in BGL’s?[a]Insulin

[q]

Which hormone regulates menses & stimulates breast tissue growth?[a]Estrogen

[q]

Which hormone maintains the endometrium after ovulation & during pregnancy?[a]Progesterone

[q]

Which hormone causes larger larynx & vocal cords, male pattern hair growth, increased muscle mass & bone density?[a]Testosterone

[q]

Which hormone regulates the sleep/wake cycle?[a]Melatonin

[q]

Which hormone converts Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I?[a]Renin

[q]

Which hormone causes bone marrow to produce more Erythrocytes?[a]Erythropoietin

[q]

Which hormone causes an increase in absorption of calcium from dietary sources in small intestine?[a]Parathyroid Hormone (with Calcitriol)

[q]

Which hormone causes secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?[a]Gastrin

[q]

Which hormone causes the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize acids in food coming from stomach & stimulates liver to make bile to break down fats?[a]Secretin

[q]

Which hormone causes the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes & stimulates gallbladder to empty bile into small intestine?[a]Cholecystokinin

[q]

Which hormone inhibits production of renin & aldosterone increasing urine output & decreassing blood pressure?[a]Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)

[q]

Which hormone stops the Corpus Luteum from deteriorating?[a]Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

[q]

Which hormone softens connective tissues?[a]Relaxin

[q]

Polyphagia, polyuria & polydyspia are symptoms of which disease?[a]Diabetes Mellitus

[q]

Which disease causes hypotension, fatigue and low resistance to stress?[a]Addison’s Disease

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 4 targets [qdeck]

[q]

What regulatory molecules are made of amino acids?[a]Most hormones

[q]

Steroid hormones have which suffixes?[a] ONE, OL, or OGEN

[q]

Epiphyseal plates of long bones & skeletal muscle and liver are targets of which hormone?[a] GH.

[q]

Thyroid Gland has receptors for which hormone?[a] TSH.

[q]

Adrenal cortex has receptors for which hormone?[a] ACTH.

[q]

Gonads have receptors for which hormone?[a] FSH.

[q]

Breast tissue has receptors for which hormone?[a] PRL.

[q]

Interstitial cells of testes & ovarian follicles have receptors for which hormone?[a] LH.

[q]

Melanocytes have receptors for which hormone?[a] MSH.

[q]

Kidneys have receptors for which hormone?[a] ADH.

[q]

Uterine smooth muscle & breast tissue have receptors for which hormone? [a]OT.

[q]

Almost every cell in the body has receptors for which hormone? [a]thyroxin.

[q]

Ostoeclast has receptors for which hormone?[a] calcitonin

[q]

Osteoclasts, kidneys & intestines has receptors for which hormone?[a] Parathyroid Hormone.

[q]

Kidneys have receptors for which hormone?[a] Aldosterone to increase reabsorption of Na from urine.

[q]

Body cells which promote gluconeogenesis and the stress response have receptors for which hormone?[a] Cortisol.

[q]

All Sympathetic erffectors have receptors for which hormone?[a]Epinephrine.

[q]

Liver has receptors from this hormone to release more sugar.[a]glucagon.

[q]

Most body cells has receptors for which hormone?[a] insulin to absorb blood sugar.

[q]

Uterus, breast tissue and most female body cells has receptors for which hormone?[a] Estrogen.

[q]

Uterus, especially endometrium & breast tissue has receptors for which hormone?[a] Progesterone.

[q]

Entire male reproductive system and to some extent entire body has receptors for which hormone?[a] Testosterone.

[q]

This targets the Gonads, NS & Pituitary gland to put you to sleep.[a] Melatonin.

[q]

T cells has receptors for which hormone?[a]thymic hormones

[q]

Cortex of Adrenal Glands has receptors for which hormone?[a] Renin.

[q]

Bone marrow has receptors for which hormone?[a] Erythropoietin.

[q]

Small intestines has receptors for which hormone?[a] Parathyroid Hormone

[q]

Stomach has receptors for which hormone?[a] Gastrin.

[q]

Targets Liver & pancreas for digestion[a] Secretin.

[q]

Targets Pancreas & gallbladder for digestion.[a] Cholecystokinin.

[q]

Targets kidney to make more urine.[a]ANP.

[q]

Corpus luteum has receptors for which hormone?[a] Human Chorionic Gonadotropin.

[q]

Targets connective tissues to loosen in pregnancy.[a] Relaxin.

[/qdeck]

Endocrine 4 targets reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Progesterone?[a]Uterus, especially endometrium & breast tissue is targeted by which hormone?

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Testosterone?[a]Entire male reproductive system and to some extent entire body has receptors for (is targeted by) what hormone?

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Melatonin?[a]Gonads, NS & Pituitary gland have receptors for and are downregulated by

[q]

Which system do thymic hormones target?[a]T cells

[q]

Where is the hypophyseal portal system located?[a]infundibulum

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Renin?[a]Cortex of Adrenal Glands

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Erythropoietin?[a]Bone marrow to make more RBC’s

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by PTH?[a]Small intestines targeted by this to absorb more Calcium.

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Gastrin?[a]Stomach

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Human Chorionic Gonadotropin?[a]Corpus luteum

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Relaxin?[a]Targets connective tissues to loosen in pregnancy.

[q]

Which organs are targeted by Secretin?[a]Targets Liver & pancreas for digestion

[q]

Which organs are targeted by Cholecystokinin?[a]Targets Pancreas & gallbladder for digestion.

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by ANP?[a]Targets kidney to make more urine.

[q]

Most hormones are composed of which substance?[a]amino acids

[q]

Which type of hormones have suffixes that ends in ONE, OL, or OGEN?[a]Steroid hormones

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by GH?[a]Epiphyseal plates of long bones & skeletal muscle and liver

[q]

Which gland is targeted by TSH?[a]Thyroid Gland

[q]

Which gland is targeted by ACTH?[a]Adrenal cortex

[q]

Which glands are targeted by FSH?[a]Gonads

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by PRL?[a]Breast tissue

[q]

Interstitial cells of testes & ovarian follicles have receptors for[a]LH

[q]

Melanocytes & neurons in the CNS have receptors for[a]MSH

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by ADH?[a]Kidneys

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by OT?[a]Uterine smooth muscle & breast tissue

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by thyroxin?[a]Almost every cell in the body

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by calcitonin?[a]Ostoeclast to inhibit

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Parathyroid Hormone?[a]Osteoclasts, kidneys & intestines

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Aldosterone to increase reabsorption of Na from urine?[a]Kidneys

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Cortisol?[a]Body cells which promote gluconeogenesis and inhibit inflammation

[q]

Which organs are targeted by Epinephrine?[a]All Sympathetic effectors

[q]

Which organ is targeted by glucagon?[a]Liver to release more sugar.

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by Estrogen?[a]Uterus, breast tissue and most female body cells

[q]

Which tissues are targeted by insulin to absorb blood sugar?[a]Most body cells

[/qdeck]