Spinal Cord Deck 1
[qdeck]
[q]
SPINAL CORD – location[a] vertebral canal
[q]
Cervical Enlargement – define[a]the thickened part of cord where nerves for upper extremities attach
[q]
Lumbar Enlargement – define[a] the thickened part of cord where nerves for lower extremities attach
[q]
Conus Medullaris – define[a] the inferior border of cord proper around L2
[q]
Spinal Segments – define[a] the sections of the cord that give rise to a pair of spinal nerves
[q]
Dermatome – define[a] an area of skin innervated by a specific segment
[q]
Myotome – define[a] an area of muscles innervated by a specific segment
[q]
Scleratome – define[a] an area of connective tissue innervated by a specific segment
[q]
MENINGES – define[a] the PROTECTIVE COVERINGS OF CORD
[q]
Pia Mater – define[a] the innermost layer of meninges that adheres directly to cord
[q]
Filum Terminale – define[a] the string like continuation of Pia mater that anchors cord to sacrum
[q]
Arachnoid Mater – define[a] the middle layer of meninges
[q]
Sub Arachnoid Space – define[a] the space between Arachnoid mater and Pia mater filled with Cerebrospinal fluid for extra cushioning and protection
[q]
Dura Mater – define[a] the outer most layer of meninges which travels down to sacrum
[q]
Subdural space – define[a] the space between Dura mater and Arachnoid mater
[q]
Epidural space – define[a] the space outside Dura mater between it, the vertebrae and skull
[q]
Central Canal – define[a] the hole in the center of cord lined with ependymal cells and filled with Cerebrospinal fluid.
[q]
Posterior Grey Horn – function[a] the area where 1st order neurons synapse with second order sensory neurons
[q]
Anterior Grey Horn – function[a] the area where CNS motor neurons synapse with soma of lower motor neurons
[q]
Lateral Grey Horn – structure[a] the area composed of somas of autonomic preganglionic neurons
[q]
Dorsal Root Ganglion – define[a] the bump on dorsal root that contains cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons
[q]
Columns/Funiculi – define[a] the Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral areas of white matter in the cord
[q]
Tracts/Fasiculi – define[a] smaller bundles of white matter within the columns of the cord which carry impulses up and down cord
[/qdeck]
Spinal Cord deck 1 reversed
[q]
Which part of the CNS is located in the vertebral canal?[a]SPINAL CORD
[q]
Which term describes the thickened part of cord where nerves for upper extremities attach?[a]Cervical Enlargement
[q]
Which term describes the thickened part of cord where nerves for lower extremities attach?[a]Lumbar Enlargement
[q]
Which term describes the inferior border of cord proper around L2?[a]Conus Medullaris
[q]
Which term describes the sections of the cord that give rise to a pair of spinal nerves?[a]Spinal Segments
[q]
Which term describes an area of skin innervated by a specific segment?[a]Dermatome
[q]
Which term describes an area of muscles innervated by a specific segment?[a]Myotome
[q]
Which term describes an area of connective tissue innervated by a specific segment?[a]Scleratome
[q]
Which term describes the PROTECTIVE COVERINGS OF CORD?[a]MENINGES
[q]
Which term describes the innermost layer of meninges that adheres directly to cord?[a]Pia Mater
[q]
Which term describes the string like continuation of Pia mater that anchors cord to sacrum?[a]Filum Terminale
[q]
Which term describes the middle layer of meninges?[a]Arachnoid Membrane
[q]
Which term describes the space between Arachnoid mater and Pia mater filled with Cerebrospinal fluid for extra cushioning and protection?[a]Sub Arachnoid Space
[q]
Which term describes the outer most layer of meninges?[a]Dura Mater
[q]
Which term describes the space between Dura mater and Arachnoid mater?[a]Subdural space
[q]
Which term describes the space between the Dura mater and the bone surrounding it?[a]Epidural space
[q]
Which term describes the hole in the center of cord lined with ependymal cells and filled with Cerebrospinal fluid?[a]Central Canal
[q]
In which area od a spinal segment do 1st order neurons synapse with second order sensory neurons?[a]Posterior Grey Horn
[q]
In which area od a spinal segment do CNS motor neurons synapse with soma of lower motor neurons?[a]Anterior Grey Horn
[q]
In which area of a spinal segment do you find autonomic preganglionic neurons?[a]Lateral Grey Horn
[q]
Which term describes the bump on dorsal root that contains cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons?[a]Dorsal Root Ganglion
[q]
Which term describes the Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral areas of white matter in the cord?[a]Columns/Funiculi
[q]
Which term describes smaller bundles of white matter within the columns of the cord which carry impulses up and down cord?[a]Tracts/Fasiculi
[/qdeck]
Spinal Cord deck 2
[q]
Long tracts – function[a]These tracts connect brain to cord or cord to brain
[q]
Short tracts/propriospinal tracts – function[a]These tracts connect different segments of the cord to coordinate movements and reflexes
[q]
Ascending tracts – function[a]These tracts are sensory tracts and carry info up to the brain
[q]
Descending tracts – function[a]These tracts are motor tracts that carry info down from the brain
[q]
Dorsal Root – structure[a]This root contains the PNS sensory neurons that end up in Posterior gray horn of spinal cord
[q]
Ventral Root – structure[a]Thise root contains motor neurons that begin in the Anterior and Lateral gray horns
[q]
Spinal Nerve – structure[a]These mixed nerves are formed where roots merge and exit the vertebral column through intervertebral foramina
[q]
Rami – define[a]This term describes the branches of the spinal nerves located outside the vertebral column
[q]
Posterior Ramus – structure[a]This branch of spinal nerve contains neurons that innervate the skin and muscles in a small strip just lateral to vertebral column
[q]
Anterior Ramus – structure[a]This branch of the spinal nerve contains the neurons that innervate the trunk and limbs except for the paraspinal muscles
[q]
Rami Communicans – structure[a]This branches of the spinal nerve attach the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerves
[q]
White rami communicans – structure[a] These branches of the Anterior Ramus contain sympathetic preganglionic neurons
[q]
Grey rami communicans – structure[a]This branch of the spinal nerve contains sympathetic postganglionic neurons
[q]
1st order neuron – pathway[a]These neurons travels from the receptor into the Posterior Gray Horn and synapses with 2nd order neuron
[q]
2nd order neuron – pathway[a]These neurons originate in the Posterior Gray Horn and travel in a tract up to the thalamus.
[q]
3rd order neuron – pathway[a]This neuron goes from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex Has precise localization of sensation and conscious awareness.
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Spinothalamic tracts?[a] touch
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Posterior/Anterior Spinocerebellar Pathways?[a] proprioception
[q]
Upper motor neuron – pathway[a]This neuron begins in the brain, travels down a tract, ends in the Anterior Gray Horn and synapses with the lower motor neuron.
[q]
Lower motor neuron – pathway[a]This neuron begins in the Anterior Gray Horn, travels out through the ventral root into the spinal nerve and on to the effector
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Pyramidal/Corticospinal Tracts?[a] Signals from cerebral cortex to Anterior Gray Horn for voluntary control of skeletal muscle
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Extrapyramidal tract?[a]Commands for involuntary control of skeletal muscle
[q]
What causes flaccid paralysis?[a] lower motor neuron damage
[q]
What causes spastic paralysis?[a] upper motor neuron damage
[q]
AUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEM- PATHWAY[a] Preganglionic neurons go from lateral gray horn/cranial nerve nuclei to an autonomic ganglion. Then Postganlionic neurons go from ANS ganglion to the effector organ.
[q]
INTERNUNCIAL POOL – define[a]A group of nearby neurons in the spinal cord which can all be facilitated by a strong enough stimulus.
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the CERVICAL Plexus?[a]spinal nerves C1 to C4/C5
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the BRACHIAL Plexus?[a] C5 to T1
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the LUMBAR Plexus?[a] L1 to L4
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the SACRAL Plexus?[a] L4 or L5 to S3
[/qdeck]
Spinal Cord Deck 2 reversed
[q]
Which type of tracts connect brain to cord or cord to brain?[a]Long tracts
[q]
Which type of tracts connect different segments of the cord to coordinate movements and reflexes?[a]Short tracts/propriospinal tracts
[q]
Which type of tracts are sensory tracts and carry info up to the brain?[a]Ascending tracts
[q]
Which type of tracts are motor tracts that carry info down from the brain?[a]Descending tracts
[q]
Which type of root contains the PNS sensory neurons that end up in Posterior gray horn of spinal cord?[a]Dorsal Root
[q]
Which type of root contains motor neurons that begin in the Anterior and Lateral gray horns?[a]Ventral Root
[q]
Which type of mixed nerve is formed where roots merge and exits vertebral column through intervertebral foramina?[a]Spinal Nerve
[q]
Which term describes the branches of the spinal nerves located outside the vertebral column?[a]Rami
[q]
Which branch of spinal nerve contains neurons that innervate the skin and muscles in a small strip just lateral to vertebral column?[a]Posterior Ramus
[q]
Which branch of the spinal nerve contains the neurons that innervate the trunk and limbs except for the paraspinal muscles?[a]Anterior Ramus
[q]
Which branches of the spinal nerve attach the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerves?[a]Rami Communicans
[q]
Which branches of the Anterior Ramus contain sympathetic preganglionic neurons?[a]White rami communicans
[q]
Which branch of the spinal nerve contains sympathetic postganglionic neurons?[a]Grey rami communicans
[q]
Which type of neuron originates in the Posterior Gray Horn and travels in a tract up to the thalamus?[a]2nd order neuron
[q]
Which type of neuron goes from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?[a] 3rd order neuron
[q]
Which tracts transmits touch?[a]What kind of information travels along the Spinothalamic tracts?
[q]
Which tracty transmits proprioceptive info to the cerebellum for coordination of movement?[a]Spinocerebellar tract
[q]
Which type of neuron begins in the brain, travels down a tract, ends in the Anterior Gray Horn and synapses with the lower motor neuron?[a]Upper motor neuron
[q]
Which type of neuron begins in the Anterior Gray Horn, travels out through the ventral root into the spinal nerve and on to the effector?[a]Lower motor neuron
[q]
Which tracts carry signals from cerebral cortex to Anterior Gray Horn for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?[a] Pyramidal/Corticospinal Tracts
[q]
Which tract is composed of axons of neurons which travel down to the Anterior Gray Horn for involuntary control of skeletal muscle?[a] Extrapyramidal tract
[q]
Which type of condition occurs due to lower motor neuron damage?[a] flaccid paralysis?
[q]
Which type of condition occurs due to upper motor neuron damage?[a] spastic paralysis?
[q]
In which pathway do preganglionic neurons go from lateral gray horn/cranial nerve nuclei to an autonomic ganglion and postganlionic neurons go from autonomic ganglion to the effector organ?[a]AUTONOMIC MOTOR
[q]
Which structure is formed by a group of nearby neurons in the spinal cord which can be activated by a strong stimulus?[a]INTERNUNCIAL POOL
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves C1 to C4/C5?[a]the CERVICAL Plexus?
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves C5 to T1?[a] the BRACHIAL Plexus?
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves L1 to L4?[a] the LUMBAR Plexus?
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves L4 or L5 to S3?[a]the SACRAL Plexus?
[q]
Which type of neuron travels from the receptor into the Posterior Gray Horn and synapses with 2nd order neuron?[a]1st order neuron
[/qdeck]