Respiratory Deck [qdeck]

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – function[a]This system allows gas exchange in the blood.

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM – structure [a] This system includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

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Pharynx – define [a]This structure contains a passage way for air and food.

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What is in the larynx?[a]This structure houses the vocal cords.

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Trachea – define [a]This structure serves as an air passage below the larynx.

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Bronchi – define [a]This structure includes two branches of the trachea, one going to each lung.

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Lungs – function[a]These organs allow exchange of gases between blood and air in alveoli.

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Ciliated mucous membrane – location [a]This membrane lines the upper and much of lower respiratory tract.

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Ciliated mucous membrane – function[a]This membrane cleans, warms and moistens air.

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Nasal septum – structure [a]This structure includes the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer & cartilage.

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Nasal conchae – function[a]These structures direct air into the sinuses and hang off nasal septum.

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Paranasal sinuses – location [a]These structures are mucous lined cavities in frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid & maxillary bones.

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Paranasal sinuses – function[a]These structures function as resonating chambers for speech, plus warming and moistening air.

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Olfactory epithelium – function[a]In this structure the dendrites of the olfactory nerve located.

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Cribriform plate – function[a]Through this structure the olfactory nerve passes.

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Nasolacrimal duct – function[a]This structure moves tears from the eye into the nasal cavity.

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Pharynx – structure [a]This structure is composed of the following: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

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Nasopharynx – features[a] the pharyngeal tonsil and the opening for Eustachian tube

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What is found in the oropharynx?[a] the palatine and lingual tonsils

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Laryngopharynx – features[a]This structure opens into esophagus and larynx.

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What is found in the larynx?[a] the vocal cords located.

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The epiglottis – function[a]This structure prevents food from going into the trachea.

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Trachea – define [a]This structure is a mucous membrane lined tube supported by smooth muscle and “C” shaped cartilage.

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Tracheobronchial tree – structure [a]This tubular structure is made of a series of cartilage rings and smooth muscle that branch from the trachea and get progressively smaller.

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Bronchioles – define [a]These tiny tubular structures enter the alveoli.

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Alveoli – structure [a]These structures are composed of air sacs of simple squamous epithelium.

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Alveoli – function[a] gas exchange between air and blood.

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Upper respiratory tract – list parts [a]This structure includes: nasal cavity and pharynx.

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Lower respiratory tract – list parts [a] This structure includes: larynx, trachea and bronchi.

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Lungs – location [a]This structures take up the most space in the thoracic cavity from above clavicle to diaphragm.

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Visceral pleura – define [a]This structure is a serous membrane making up the outer surface of lungs.

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Parietal pleura – define [a]This structure is a serous membrane that lines thoracic cavity, internal rib cage, superior surface of diaphragm

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Pleural cavity – define [a]This structure consists of a tiny space between the pleural membranes filled with serous fluid.

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Pulmonary Ventilation – define [a]This term describes an action done 16-20 times a minute at rest and is a fancy name for breathing.

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Inspiration – aka[a]inhalation

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Expiration – aka[a]exhalation

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Inhalation at rest – muscles involved[a]the diaphragm and external intercostals.

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Exhalation at rest – cause[a] passive elastic recoil of lungs and thoracic wall without muscle activity.

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Strenuous inhalation – muscles involved[a]Diaphragm, External intercostals,Sternocleidomastoid,Scalenes,Pectoralis Minor

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Strenuous Exhalation – muscles involved[a] the internal intercostals and the abdominals.

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Medullary Rhythmicity Center-function[a]This center controls the basic rhythm of respiration.

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Tidal Air Volume – define [a] the amount of air inhaled/exhaled in normal inhalation at rest. (500mL)

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Vital Capacity – define [a]The maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration. (4800mL)

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dyspnea – define [a] labored, painful, irregular breathing.

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Asthma – define [a] muscle spasm in walls of small bronchi and bronchioles.

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Emphysema – define [a]Alveolar walls degenerate, leading to larger alveoli with a decreased surface area.

[/qdeck]

Respiratory deck reversed [qdeck]

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In which disease do alveolar walls degenerate, leading to larger alveoli with a decreased surface area?[a]Emphysema

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Which term describes muscle spasm in walls of small bronchi and bronchioles?[a]Asthma

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Which term describes labored, painful, irregular breathing?[a]dyspnea

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Which term describes the maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiration? (4800ml)[a] Vital Capacity

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Which term describes the amount of air inhaled/exhaled in normal inhalation at rest? (500ml)[a] Tidal Air Volume

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Which center controls the basic rhythm of respiration?[a]Medullary Rhythmicity Center

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Which state of respiration involves the internal intercostals and the abdominals?[a] Strenuous Exhalation

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Which state of respiration involves the following muscles?Diaphragm, External intercostals,Sternocleidomastoid,Scalenes,Pectoralis Minor[a]Strenuous inhalation

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Which state of respiration involves passive elastic recoil of lungs and thoracic wall without muscle activity?[a]Exhalation at rest

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Which state of respiration involves only the diaphragm and external intercostals?[a]Inhalation at rest

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exhalation aka[a]Expiration

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inhalation aka[a]Inspiration

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Which term describes an action done 16-20 times a minute at rest and is a fancy name for breathing?[a]Pulmonary Ventilation

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Which structure consists of a tiny space between the pleural membranes filled with serous fluid?[a]Pleural cavity

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Which structure is a serous membrane that lines thoracic cavity, internal rib cage, superior surface of diaphragm?[a]Parietal pleura

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Which structure is a serous membrane making up the outer surface of lungs?[a]Visceral pleura

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Which structures take up the most space in the thoracic cavity from above clavicle to diaphragm?[a]Lungs

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Which structure includes: larynx, trachea and bronchi?[a]Lower respiratory tract

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Which structure includes: nasal cavity and pharynx?[a]Upper respiratory tract

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Where is the site of gas exchange between air and blood?[a]Alveoli

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Which structures are composed of air sacs of simple squamous epithelium?[a]Alveoli

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Which tiny tubular structures enter the alveoli?[a]ronchioles

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Which tubular structure is made of a series of cartilage rings and smooth muscle that branch from the trachea and get progressively smaller?[a]Tracheobronchial tree

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Which structure is a mucous membrane lined tube supported by smooth muscle and “C” shaped cartilage?[a]Trachea

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Which structure prevents food from going into the trachea?[a]The epiglottis

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Where are the vocal cords located?[a]larynx

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Which structure opens into esophagus and larynx?[a]Laryngopharynx

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Where are the palatine and lingual tonsils located?[a]oropharynx

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Where are the pharyngeal tonsil and the opening for Eustachian tube located?[a]Nasopharynx

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Which structure is composed of the following: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx?[a]Pharynx

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Which structure moves tears from the lacrimal glands that wash eye and drain into nose?[a]Nasolacrimal duct

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Which structure does the olfactory nerve pass through?[a]Cribriform plate

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In which structure are the dendrites of the olfactory nerve located?[a]Olfactory epithelium

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Which structures function as resonating chambers for speech, plus warming and moistening air?[a]Paranasal sinuses

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Which structures are mucous lined cavities in frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid & maxillary bones?[a]Paranasal sinuses

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Which structure directs air into the sinuses and hangs off nasal septum?[a]Nasal conchae

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Which structure includes the perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer & cartilage?[a]Nasal septum

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Which membrane cleans, warms and moistens air?[a]Ciliated mucous membrane

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Which membrane lines the upper and much of lower respiratory tract?[a]Ciliated mucous membrane

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Which organs allow exchange of gases between blood and air in alveoli?[a]Lungs

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Which structure includes two branches of the trachea, one going to each lung?[a]Bronchi

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Which structure serves as an air passage below the larynx?[a]Trachea

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Which structure houses the vocal cords?[a]larynx

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Which structure contains a passage way for air and food?[a]pharynx

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Which system includes the following: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs?[a]RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

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Which system allows gas exchange in the blood?[a]RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

[/qdeck]

Digestive System 1 [qdeck]

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Proteins – composition[a]Peptides

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Peptides – composition[a]Amino Acids

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Lipids – composition[a]Glycerol, monoglycerides, Fatty acids

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Carbohydrates – composition[a]Dextrins

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Dextrins – composition[a]Disaccharides

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Disaccharides – composition[a]Monosaccharides

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Monosaccharides – list[a] glucose, fructose and galactose

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Ingestion – define[a]eating

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Peristalsis – define[a] movement of bolus through GI tract

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Digestion – define[a]mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

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Absorption – define[a] the passage of molecules through capillary walls into blood stream

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Defecation – define[a] the elimination of feces (wastes and non-digestible substances) from the body

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Chyme – define[a]a bolus mixed with digestive juice

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Bolus – define[a] a chunk of swallowed food

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Lacteals – function[a] Lymph caps through which glycerides and fatty acids enter the body

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Blood capillaries – function[a]Structures through which monosaccharides and amino acids enter the body

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Alimentary Canal aka[a]Digestive Tract

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Accessory Organs – list[a] Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands, Gastric glands, Pancreas, Liver and Gallbladder

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Parasympathetic control of digestive system is via which nerves[a] Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Facial (CN VII) Vagus (CN X) and Sacral Nerves

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Tunica Mucosa – define[a] innermost layer of GI tract

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Tunica Submucosa – define[a] the layer of highly vascularized loose conntective tissue for secretion and absorption

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Tunica Muscularis – define[a] the muscular layer that generates peristalsis

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Tunica Serosa aka[a] the visceral peritoneum

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Peritoneum – define[a] the largest serous membrane in body, lining the ventral cavity

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Visceral Peritoneum – define[a]the layer of the peritoneum attached to organs (tunica serosa)

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Parietal Peritoneum – define[a]the layer of the peritoneum attached to the body wall.

[/qdeck]

Digestive System 1 reversed [qdeck]

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Which term describes the layer of the peritoneum attached to body wall?[a]Parietal Peritoneum

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Which term describes the layer of the peritoneum attached to organs?[a]Visceral Peritoneum

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Which term describes the largest serous membrane in body, lining the ventral cavity?[a]Peritoneum

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Which term is also know as the visceral peritoneum?[a]Tunica Serosa

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Which term describes the layer that generates peristalsis?[a]Tunica Muscularis

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Which term describes the layer of the GI tract specialized for secretion and absorption?[a]Tunica Submucosa

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Which term describes the innermost layer of GI tract?[a]Tunica Mucosa

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The following nerves provide which type of control of digestive system? Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) Facial (CN VII) Vagus (CN X) and Sacral Nerves[a]Parasympathetic

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These are examples of which type of organs: Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands, Gastric glands, Pancreas, Liver and Gallbladder?[a]Accessory Organs

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Digestive Tract aka[a]Alimentary Canal

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Through which structures do monosaccharides and amino acids enter the body?[a]Blood capillaries

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Through which structures do monoglycerides and fatty acids enter the body?[a]Lacteals

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Which term describes a chunk of swallowed food?[a]Bolus

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Which term describes a bolus mixed with digestive juice?[a]Chyme

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Which term describes the elimination of feces (wastes and non-digestible substances) from the body?[a]Defecation

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Which term describes the passage of molecules through capillary walls into blood stream?[a]Absorption

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Which term describes mechanical and chemical breakdown of food?[a]Digestion

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Which term describes the movement of bolus through GI tract?[a]Peristalsis

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Which term describes eating?[a]Ingestion

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Which class of carbohydrates make up glucose, fructose and galactose?[a]Monosaccharides

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Monosaccharides are the building blocks of which nutritional substance?[a]Disaccharides

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Disaccharides are the building blocks of which nutritional substance?[a]Dextrins (polysaccharides)

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Dextrins are the building blocks of which nutritional substance?[a]Carbohydrates (polysaccharides)

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Glycerol, monoglycerides, Fatty acids are the building blocks of which nutritional substance?[a]Lipids

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Amino Acids are the building blocks of which nutritional substance?[a]Peptides and proteins

[/qdeck]

Digestive system deck 2 [qdeck]

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Salivary glands – list[a] sublingual submandibular and parotid

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salivary amylase – function[a]This substance functions in chemical breakdown of carbohydrates to dextrins.

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Pharynx – define[a]The tube of skeletal muscle with two outlets that sends food to the esophagus & air to the trachea.

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Epiglottis – define[a]The flap of tissue that closes trachea during swallowing.

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Deglutition – define[a]The process of swallowing.

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Saliva – function[a]This substance provides lubrication, moistens food, begins carb digestion, and is antibacterial.

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Pepsin – function[a]This substance functions in chemical breakdown of proteins to amino acids.

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Esophagus – define[a]A the 10” tube of muscle which moves food from the pharynx to stomach.

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Cardiac sphincter – define[a]The sphincter between esophagus and stomach that prevents acid reflux/heart burn.

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Stomach – function[a]This organ will breakdown proteins, absorb vitamin B12 and store chyme for 2-6 hours.

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Stomach – structure[a]This organ is the hollow sack inferior to diaphragm on left side containing rugae.

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Rugae – define[a]The folds in stomach allowing it to stretch as more food enters.

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Small Intestine – describe[a]T the 25 foot tube lined with villi linking the stomach to the large intestine.

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HCl – function[a]This substance converts pepsinogen into pepsin in the stomach and denatures proteins.

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Intrinsic Factor – function[a]This substance, secreted by the stoamch, helps with absorption of vitamin B12 which is essential for erythropoiesis.

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Duodenum – define[a]The first section of the small intestine, about 1 foot long.

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Jejunum – define[a]The second section of the small intestine, about 8 feet long.

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Ileum – define[a]The third section of the small intestine, about 12 feet long.

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Duodenum – function[a]The first part of the small intestine, into which the stomach, pancreatic duct and common bile ducts drain.

[/qdeck]

Digestive system deck 2 reversed [qdeck]

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Which structure do the stomach, pancreatic duct and common bile duct drain into?[a]Duodenum

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Which term describes the third section of the small intestine, about 12 feet long?[a]Ileum

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Which term describes the second section of the small intestine, about 8 feet long?[a]Jejunum

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Which term describes the first section of the small intestine, about 1 foot long?[a]Duodenum

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Which substance helps with absorption of vitamin B12 which is essential for erythropoiesis?[a]Intrinsic Factor

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Which substance converts pepsinogen into pepsin in the stomach and denatures proteins?[a]HCl

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Which term describes the 25 foot tube lined with villi?[a]Small Intestine

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Which term describes the folds in stomach so it can stretch as more food enters?[a]Rugae

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Which organ is the hollow sack inferior to diaphragm on left side containing rugae?[a]Stomach – structure

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Which organ will breakdown proteins, absorb vitamin B12 and store chyme for 2-6 hours?[a]Stomach

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Which term describes the sphincter between esophagus and stomach that prevents acid reflux/heart burn?[a]Cardiac sphincter

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Which term describes the 10” tube of muscle which moves food from the pharynx to stomach?[a]Esophagus

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Which substance functions in chemical breakdown of proteins to amino acids?[a]Pepsin

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Which substance provides lubrication, moistens food, begins carb digestion, and is antibacterial?[a]Saliva

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Which term describes the process of swallowing?[a]Deglutition

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Which term describes the flap of tissue that closes trachea during swallowing?[a]Epiglottis

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Which term describes the tube of skeletal muscle with two outlets that sends food to the esophagus & air to the trachea?[a]Pharynx

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Which substance functions in chemical breakdown of carbohydrates to dextrin?[a]salivary amylase

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Where does the mechanical breakdown of food occur?[a]Mouth and stomach

[/qdeck]

Immune deck [qdeck]

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Antigen – define[a] Anything that provokes an immune response. (GENeration of ANTIbodies)

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Antigens – list[a] Anything from outside the body, such as a molecule in the plasma membrane of a foreign cell, portion of a microbe, cilia or flagella, chemicals made by foreign cells.

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Pathogen – define[a] disease producing organism

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Pathogen – list[a]bacteria, viruses, fungi, amoebae, protozoans and parasites such as worms

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Bacteria – define[a] Cells that are much smaller than ours, with DNA dispersed rather than in a nucleus.

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Virus – define[a]Tiny organisms smaller than bacteria that consist of a protein outer core, and an inner core of DNA or RNA

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Bacteria – List diseases produced by[a] tuberculosis, urinary tract infections,strep throat, pneumonia

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Viruses – List diseases produced by[a] influenza (flu), the common cold and AIDS

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Innate defenses – describe[a] These defense mechanisms protect the body against a wide range of pathogens.

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Adaptive defenses – describe[a]These defense mechanisms protect the body against specific pathogenic organisms.

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Humoral immunity – function[a]This type of adaptive defense uses plasma proteins known as antibodies to attack and destroy a specific target in the body fluids.

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Cellular immunity – function[a] This type of adaptive defense uses T cells to destroy infected, abnormal or cancerous body cells.

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Innate defenses – list[a] skin, mucous membranes, NK cells, complement, inflammation, and interferons

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Interferons – describe[a] These proteins are released by infected cells which signal uninfected cells to activate defenses to block a virus’s ability to replicate.

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Complement – describe[a] These plasma proteins made by the liver circulate in an inactive state but which can be activated to destroy pathogens.

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Adaptive defense – characteristics[a] specific, systemwide and have memory

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What kind of cell is used in humoral immunity?[a]B cells

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What kind of cell is used in cellular immunity?[a]killer T cells

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Helper T Cells – function[a] These cells cause activation of killer T cells and B cells.

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Killer T Cells – function[a]These cells leave the lymph node, enter circulation, and seeks and destroy infected/abnormal body cells.

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Suppressor T Cells – function[a] These cells are responsible for turning adaptive immunity off once a pathogen/antigen has been eliminated.

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B cells – function[a]These cells form a clonal population of plasma cells and begin producing antibodies.

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Antibodies – define[a] These are proteins that bind to and destroy specific antigens.

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Cytolysis – define[a] cell destruction

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Memory B and T cells – function[a]These cells provide a much more rapid response should the pathogen enter the body again. (subsequent exposure)

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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) – function[a] This molecule marker on the membrane allows the immune system to recognize host cells (Cells of it’s own body).

[/qdeck]

Immune deck reversed [qdeck]

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Which type of cells provide a much more rapid response should the pathogen enter the body again?[a]Memory B and T cells

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Which term describes cell destruction?[a]Cytolysis

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What are large proteins that bind to and destroy specific antigens?[a]Antibodies

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Which type of cells form a clonal population of plasma cells and begin producing antibodies?[a]B cells

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Which type of cells are responsible for turning adaptive immunity off once a pathogen/antigen has been eliminated?[a]Suppressor T Cells

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Which type of cell leaves the lymph node, enters circulation, seeks and destroys infected/abnormal body cells?[a]Killer T Cells

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Which type of cell causes activation of killer T cells and B cells?[a]Helper T Cells

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Which type of adaptive defense allows killer T cells to destroy infected body cells to provide immunity?[a]cellular immunity

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Which type of adaptive defense allows B cells to make antibodies to provide immunity?[a]humoral immunity

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Which type of defense mechanisms are: specific, systemwide and have memory?[a]Adaptive defense (Immunity)

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Which type of innate defenses are plasma proteins made by the liver which circulate in an inactive state but which can be activated to destroy pathogens?[a]Complement

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Which kind of proteins are released by infected cells which signal uninfected cells to activate defenses to block a virus’s ability to replicate?[a]Interferons

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Which type of defense mechanisms do the skin, mucous membranes, NK cells, complement, inflammation, and interferons contribute to?[a]Innate defenses

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Which type of adaptive defense uses T cells to destroy infected, abnormal or cancerous body cells?[a]Cellular immunity

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Which type of adaptive defense uses plasma proteins known as antibodies to attack and destroy a specific target in the body fluids?[a]Humoral immunity

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Which type of defense mechanisms include humoral immunity and cellular immunity?[a]Adaptive defenses(Immunity)

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Which type of defense mechanisms protect the body against specific pathogenic organisms?[a]Adaptive defenses(Immunity)

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Which type of general defense mechanisms protect the body against a wide range of pathogens?[a]Innate (General) defenses

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Which type of pathogen can cause influenza (flu), the common cold and AIDS?[a]Viruses

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Which type of pathogen can cause tuberculosis, urinary tract infections,strep throat, and pneumonia?[a]Bacteria

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What are tiny organisms smaller than bacteria that consist of a protein outer core, an inner core of DNA, RNA and enzymes?[a]Virus

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What are cells that are much smaller than ours, lacking nuclei and mitochondria?[a]Bacteria

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What are bacteria, viruses, fungi, amoebae, protozoans and parasites such as worms?[a]Pathogen

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Which term describes a disease producing organism?[a]Pathogen

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Which term describes anything that provokes an immune response?[a]Antigen

[/qdeck]

ANS Deck 1 [qdeck]

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PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION aka[a]CRANIOSACRAL DIVISION

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SYMPATHETIC DIVISION aka[a]THORACOLUMBAR DIVISION

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PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION – overall effect[a]Rest and digest

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SYMPATHETIC DIVISION – overall effect[a]Fight or flight

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SYMPATHETIC DIVISION – carried by what nerves?[a]SN’s T1 to L2

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PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION – carried by what nerves?[a]CN’s III, VII, IX and X and SN’s S2, S3 and S4

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PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURON – route[a]The ANS pathway begins in the nuclei of a CRANIAL NERVE or in lateral gray horn of spinal cord and ends in a PERIPHERAL GANGLION?

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POST-GANGLIONIC NEURON – route[a]From an autonomic ganglion to the effector organ.

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TERMINAL GANGLIA aka[a]INTRAMURAL GANGLIA

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TERMINAL GANGLIA – location[a]This type of ganglia are found in the PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM in the wall of the organs.

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SYMPATHETIC CHAIN GANGLIA – location[a] There are 22 the pairs of sympathetic ganglia extending down either side of the vertebral column.

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PRE-VERTEBRAL GANGLIA – location[a] These sympathetic ganglia are attached to the Aorta.

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SPLANCHNIC NERVES – route[a] These nerves connect the symathetic chain to the prevertebral ganglia?

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Which type of neuron are PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS[a] B fibers

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Which type of neuron are POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS[a] C fibers

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Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter used by these ANS neurons[a] All parasympathetic neurons and sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

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Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter used by these ANS neurons[a] sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons

[/qdeck]

ANS Deck 1 reversed [qdeck]

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CRANIOSACRAL DIVISION aka[a]PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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THORACOLUMBAR DIVISION aka[a]SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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Rest and digest is the effect of which division?[a]PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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Fight or flight is the effect of which division?[a]SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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CN’s III, VII, IX and X and SN’s S2, S3 and S4 carry which division of the ANS?[a]PARASYMPATHETIC DIVISION

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Which type of neuron in the ANS pathway begins in the nuclei of a CRANIAL NERVE or in lateral gray horn of spinal cord and ends in a PERIPHERAL GANGLION?[a]PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURON

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Which type of neuron in the ANS pathway begins in an autonomic ganglion and ends in the effector organ?[a]POST-GANGLIONIC NEURON

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INTRAMURAL GANGLIA aka[a]TERMINAL GANGLIA

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Which type of ganglia are found in the PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM in the wall of the organs?[a]TERMINAL GANGLIA

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Which type of ganglia are attached to the Aorta?[a]PRE-VERTEBRAL GANGLIA

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Which type of nerves connect the symathetic chain to the prevertebral ganglia?[a]SPLANCHNIC NERVES

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Which type of neuron are composed of type B fibers?[a] PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS

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Which type of neuron are composed of type C fibers?[a] POST-GANGLIONIC NEURONS

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Which type of neurotransmitter do the parasympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons use?[a]Acetylcholine

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Which type of neurotransmitter do the parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?[a]Acetycholine

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Which type of neurotransmitter do the sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons use?[a]Acetycholine

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Which type of neurotransmitter do the sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons use?[a]Norepinephrine

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SN’s T1 to L2 carry which division of the ANS?[a]SYMPATHETIC DIVISION

[/qdeck]

ANS effects [qdeck]

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What is the pathway of SYMPATHETIC PREGANGLIONIC neurons to Sympathetic Chain Ganglia?[a]Neurons originate in LATERAL gray horns of the spinal cord, segments T1 – L2, travel out the through the spinal nerve and WHITE RAMUS into the SYMPATHETIC CHAIN.

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What is the PARASYMPATHETIC PATHWAY?[a]PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS originate in the nuclei of cranial nerves, III, VII, IX, X, travel the lateral gray horns of segments S2, S3, S4 and synapse in a TERMINAL GANGLIA where post ganglionic neurons travel to the effectors.

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DUALLY innervated effector – define[a]This effector is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

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SINGLULARY innervated effector – define[a]Thiseffector is innervated by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions.

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Which division of the ANS DILATES the pupil?[a] sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS CONSTRICTS the pupil?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS THINS the lens for far vision?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS THICKENS the lens for near vision?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS INHIBITS secretion of Digestive Glands?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS STIMULATES secretion of Digestive Glands?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS DILATES Bronchial Tubes?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS CONSTRICTS Bronchial Tubes?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS INCREASES heart rate?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS DECREASES heart rate?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS INHIBITS peristalsis?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS STIMULATES peristalsis?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS INHIBITS urination?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS STIMULATES urination?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes VASODILATION and ERECTION?[a]parasympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes ORGASM and EJACULATION?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes production of sweat?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes goose bumps?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS controls constriction of blood vessels?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes the Adrenals release Adrenaline and Noradrenaline?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes the kidneys to release the hormone Renin to conserve water?[a]sympathetic NS

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Which division of the ANS causes the production of tears?[a]parasympathetic NS

[/qdeck]

ANS effects reversed [qdeck]

[q]

In which pathway do neurons originate in LATERAL gray horns of the spinal cord, segments T1 – L2, travel out the ventral root through the spinal nerve and WHITE RAMUS into the SYMPATHETIC CHAIN?[a]PATHWAY of SYMPATHETIC PREGANGLIONIC neurons to Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

[q]

In which pathway do PRE-GANGLIONIC NEURONS originate in the nuclei of cranial nerves, III, VII, IX, X, travel the lateral gray horns of segments S2, S3, S4 and synapse in a TERMINAL GANGLIA where post ganglionic neurons travel to the effectors?[a]the PARASYMPATHETIC PATHWAY

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Which type of effector is innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?[a]DUALLY innervated effector

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Which type of effector is innervated by either the sympathetic or parasympathetic divisions?[a]SINGLULARY innervated effector

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the iris?[a] DILATES the pupil

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the iris?[a] CONSTRICTS the pupil

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Ciliary muscle?[a] THINS the lens for far vision

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Ciliary muscle?[a] THICKENS the lens for near vision

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Digestive Glands?[a] INHIBITS secretion of Digestive Glands

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Digestive Glands?[a] STIMULATES secretion of Digestive Glands

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Bronchial Tubes?[a] DILATES Bronchial Tubes

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Bronchial Tubes?[a] CONSTRICTS Bronchial Tubes

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Heart?[a] INCREASES heart rate

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Heart?[a] DECREASES heart rate

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Intestinal Smooth Muscles?[a] INHIBITS peristalsis

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Intestinal Smooth Muscles?[a] STIMULATES peristalsis

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Urinary Bladder?[a] INHIBITS urination

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Urinary Bladder?[a] STIMULATES urination

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Sex Organs?[a] VASODILATION and ERECTION

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Sex Organs?[a] ORGASM and EJACULATION

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the Sweat Glands?[a] causes production of sweat

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the arrector pili muscles?[a] causes goose bumps

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the blood vessels?[a] controls constriction of blood vessels

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the adrenal glands?[a] causes the Adrenals release Adrenaline and Noradrenaline

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Which effect does the sympathetic NS have on the kidneys?[a] causes the kidneys to conserve water

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Which effect does the parasympathetic NS have on the Lacrimal glands[a] causes the production of tears

[/qdeck]

Cranial Nerve Deck [qdeck]

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Cranial nerve I – name [a] OLFACTORY nerve

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Cranial nerve II – name [a] OPTIC nerve

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Cranial nerve III – name [a] OCULOMOTOR nerve

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Cranial nerve IV – name [a]TROCHLEAR nerve

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Cranial nerve V – name [a] TRIGEMINAL nerve

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Cranial nerve VI – name [a] ABDUCENS nerve

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Cranial nerve VII – name [a] FACIAL nerve

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Cranial nerve VIII – name [a] VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR nerve

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Cranial nerve IX – name [a] GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve

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Cranial nerve XI – name [a] ACCESSORY/ SPINOACCESSORY nerve

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Cranial nerve XII – name [a]HYPOGLOSSAL nerve

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Cranial nerve I – function [a] smell

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Cranial nerve II – function [a] vision

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Cranial nerve III – function [a] activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscles

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Cranial nerve IV – function [a]activation of the superior oblique muscle

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Cranial nerve V – function [a] tactile senses of the face and chewing muscles

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Cranial nerve VI – function [a]activation of the lateral rectus muscle

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Cranial nerve VII – function [a]innervation of muscles of facial expression, taste and salivation

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Cranial nerve VIII – function [a]innervation of hearing and equilibrium

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Cranial nerve IX – function [a]innervation of muscles of the pharynx and carotid sinus stretch receptor

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Cranial nerve X- function [a] innervation of the pharynx and larynx and aortic sinus stretch receptors

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Cranial nerve XI – function [a] control of trapezius and the SCM

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Cranial nerve XII – function [a]innervation of muscles of tongue

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Olfactory Nerve – route[a] This nerve passes through the cribriform plate

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Where does the optic nerve attach?[a] Thalamus

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Which cranial nerves attach to the brainstem? [a]CN’s III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII (everthing but I and II)

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Which cranial nerves sends information to the vestibular nucleus and the temporal lobe?[a] CN VIII

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Which cranial nerves get information from the superior colliculi? [a]CN’s III,IV and IV (control of the eye)

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Which cranial nerves perform ANS functions?[a]CN’s III, VII, IX, and X share

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What do CN’s I, II and VIII have in common?[a] They are purely sensory

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CN’s III, IV, and VI have in common?[a] They handle extrinsic eye function

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What do CN’s I, II, VII, VIII and IX have in common?[a]They handle the special senses

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CN VIII carries how many senses?[a]2 special senses

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Taste is carried by how many cranial nerves?[a] two – CN’s VII and IX

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Trigeminal Neuralgia is a pathology associated with which cranial nerve?[a] Trigeminal nerve

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Bell’s Palsy is a pathology associated with which cranial nerve?[a] Facial Nerve

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What common organ does CN’s V, VII, IX and XII serve?[a]the tongue

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CN VII does what for the eyes?[a] tears

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CN III innervates which intrinsic eye muscles?[a]the ciliary and circular muscle

[/qdeck]

Cranial Nerve Deck Reversed [qdeck]

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Which numeral refers to the OLFACTORY nerve?[a]Cranial nerve I

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Which numeral refers to the OPTIC nerve?[a]Cranial nerve II

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Which numeral refers to the OCULOMOTOR nerve?[a]Cranial nerve III name

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Which numeral refers to the TROCHLEAR nerve?[a]Cranial nerve IV

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Which numeral refers to the TRIGEMINAL nerve?[a]Cranial nerve V

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Which numeral refers to the ABDUCENS nerve?[a]Cranial nerve VI

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Which numeral refers to the FACIAL NERVE nerve?[a]Cranial nerve VII

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Which numeral refers to the VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR nerve?[a]Cranial nerve VIII

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Which numeral refers to the GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL nerve?[a]Cranial nerve IX

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Which numeral refers to the Vagus Nerve?[a]Cranial nerve X

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Which numeral refers to the ACCESSORY/ SPINOACCESSORY nerve?[a]Cranial nerve XI

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Which numeral refers to the HYPOGLOSSAL nerve?[a]Cranial nerve XII

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Which nerve is responsible for smell?[a]Cranial nerve I

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Which nerve is responsible for vision?[a]Cranial nerve II

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Which nerve is responsible for the intrinsic and extrinsic eye muscles?[a]Cranial nerve III

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Which nerve is responsible for the superior oblique muscle?[a]Cranial nerve IV

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Which nerve is responsible for hearing and equilibrium?[a]Cranial nerve VIII

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Which nerve is responsible for muscles of the pharynx and carotid sinus stretch receptors?[a]Cranial nerve IX

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Which nerve is responsible for ANS control of the pharynx and larynx and aortic sinus stretch receptors?[a]Cranial nerve X

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Which nerve is responsible for control of trapezius and the SCM?[a]Cranial nerve XI

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Which nerve is responsible for muscles of tongue?[a]Cranial nerve XII

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Which nerve passes through the cribriform plate?[a]Olfactory Nerve

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Which nerve connects to the Thalamus?[a]e optic nerve

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In which part of the brain do CN’s III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII attach?[a]brainstem

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Where does CN VIII send its information?[a] vestibular nucleus and the temporal lobe

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Where does the information traveling in CN’s III,IV and IV come from?[a] superior colliculi?

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Which common function do CN’s III, VII, IX, and X share?[a] ANS (parasympathetic)

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Which CN’S are purely sensory?[a] CN’s I, II and VIII

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Which CN’S handle extrinsic eye function?[a]C.N’s III, IV, and VI

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Which CN’S handle the special senses?[a]; CN’s I, II, VII, VIII and IX

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Which CN handles 2 special senses?[a]CN VIII

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Which special sense is carried by two different CN’s?[a]Taste

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Which pathology is associated with the Trigeminal nerve?[a]Trigeminal Neuralgia

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Which pathology is associated with the Facial Nerve?[a]Bell’s Palsy

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Which CN’s serve the tongue?[a] V(touch), VII(taste), IX(taste) and XII (muscle control)

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Which CN is for tears?[a]CN VII

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Which CN innervates the ciliary and circular muscle?[a]CN III

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Which nerve is responsible for tactile senses of the face and chewing muscles?[a]Cranial nerve V

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Which nerve is responsible for the lateral rectus muscle?[a]Cranial nerve VI

[q]

Which nerve is responsible for muscles of facial expression, taste and salivation?[a]Cranial nerve VII

[/qdeck]