Muscle histology
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SMOOTH MUSCLE – describe[a]This type of muscle is INVOLUNTARY and NON-STRIATED.
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SMOOTH MUSCLE – location[a]This type of muscle is found in the digestive tract and blood vessels.
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CARDIAC MUSCLE – describe[a]This type of muscle is STRIATED AND INVOLUNTARY.
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SKELETAL MUSCLE – describe[a]This type of muscle is STRIATED AND VOLUNTARY.
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SARCOLEMMA – define[a]This is the name of muscle fiber membrane.
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ENDOMYSIUM – define[a]This is the name of the sheet of loose connective tissue surrounding a muscle cell.
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FASCICLES – define[a]This is a group of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue called the PERIMYSIUM.
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EPIMYSIUM – define[a]This is the name of the outer wrapping of the muscle.
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MYOFIBRILS – define[a]This is the name of the fine fibers found within the sarcolemma.
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MYOFILAMENTS are made of what?[a]Myosin and actin.
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SARCOMERES – define[a]These are repeating subunits that make up the myofibril.
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Z-lines – define[a]This is the structure that marks the ends of a sarcomere.
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Tropomyosin – define[a]This is the name of the protein that covers the binding sites when the muscle is relaxed.
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T-TUBULES – define[a]This is the name of the tubules that penetrate the sarcomere from the surface of the cell.
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The SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM stores what?[a]This structure stores Ca++ inside the muscle cell.
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MOTOR UNIT – define[a]This is a motor neuron and the muscle cells it innervates.
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How many muscle cells do smaller motor units have?[a]Small motor units have as few as 3-5 muscle cells per neuron.
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How many muscle cells do larger motor units have?[a]Large motor units have as many as 1000 muscle cells per neuron.
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MYONEURAL or NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – define[a]synapse between the motor neuron and the muscle cell meet.
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THE ALL-OR-NONE PRINCIPLE – define[a]This principle states: there is no such thing as a partial contraction of a muscle fiber.
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Spasm – define[a]This is a sustained muscle contraction due to excessive neuromuscular activity. They can be short-term or long-term.
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HYPOTONIA – define[a]Decreased muscle tone
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ATONIA – define[a]Loss of muscle tone characteristic of paralysis)
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HYPERTONIA – define[a]Increased muscle tone
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Slow twitch muscle fibers – define[a]These are muscle fibers with lots of mitochondria, capillaries (aerobic) and resistance to fatigue.
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Fast twitch muscle fibers – define[a]This are muscle fibers that are strong, rapid, and fatigue easily.
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Muscle histology reversed
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What muscle fibers are strong, rapid, and fatigue easily?[a]Fast twitch muscle fibers
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What are muscle fibers with lots of mitochondria, capillaries (aerobic) and resistance to fatigue?[a]Slow twitch muscle fibers
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Increased muscle tone is called?[a]HYPERTONIA
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Loss of muscle tone is called? (Characteristic of paralysis)[a]ATONIA
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Decreased muscle tone is called?[a]HYPOTONIA
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What is a sustained muscle contraction due to excessive neuromuscular activity? They can be short-term or long-term.[a]Spasm
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What principle states: “There is no such thing as a partial contraction of a muscle fiber?”[a]THE ALL-OR-NONE PRINCIPLE
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ACETYLCHOLINE is an example of what?[a]NEUROTRANSMITTER
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Where do the motor neuron and the muscle cell meet?[a]MYONEURAL or NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
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Which motor units have as many as 1000 muscle cells per neuron?[a] larger motor units, i.e. in the quads
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Which motor units have as few as 2-5 muscle cells per neuron?[a]smaller motor units, i.e. in the hands and face for fine motor control
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What is the structure that includes the neuron and the muscle cells it innervates?[a]MOTOR UNIT
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What structure stores Ca++ inside the muscle cell?[a]The SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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What is the name of the tubules that penetrate the sarcomere from the surface of the cell?[a]T-TUBULES
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What is the name of the protein that covers the binding sites when the muscle is relaxed?[a]Tropomyosin/Troponin Complex
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What is the structure that marks the ends of a sarcomere?[a]Z-lines
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What is the name of the repeating subunits that compose the myofibril?[a]SARCOMERES
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Myosin and actin compose what structure?[a]MYOFILAMENTS
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What is the name of the fine fibers found within the sarcolemma?[a]MYOFIBRILS
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What is the name of the outer wrapping of the muscle?[a]EPIMYSIUM
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What is the name of groups of fibers surrounded by PERIMYSIUM?[a]FASCICLES
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What is the name of the sheet of loose connective tissue surrounding a muscle cell?[a]ENDOMYSIUM
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What is the name of muscle fiber membrane?[a]SARCOLEMMA
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What type of muscle is STRIATED AND VOLUNTARY?[a]SKELETAL MUSCLE
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What type of muscle is MYOGENIC?[a] CARDIAC MUSCLE
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What type of muscle is STRIATED AND INVOLUNTARY?[a]CARDIAC MUSCLE
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What type of muscle is found in the digestive tract and blood vessels?[a]SMOOTH MUSCLE
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What type of muscle is INVOLUNTARY and NON-STRIATED?[a]SMOOTH MUSCLE
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