Histology of Skin and Bone
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EPIPHYSIS – define[a] the ends of the bone
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DIAPHYSIS – define[a] the shaft of the bone
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EPIPHYSEAL PLATE – define[a]the junction between the diaphysis and the epiphyses. In in growing bone is made up of hyaline cartilage.
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PERIOSTEUM – define[a] a connective tissue layer that surrounds the surfaces of bones
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fibrous layer of PERIOSTEUM – location[a]Outer layer of PERIOSTEUM
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osteogenic layer of PERIOSTEUM – location[a]inner layer of PERIOSTEUM
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INTRAMEMBRANOUS GROWTH – define[a] bone growth that occurs beneath the periosteum
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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE – define[a] hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface of bone
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MEDULLARY CAVITY – define[a] the cavity in middle of diaphysis filled with bone marrow
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ENDOSTEUM – define[a] the connective tissue layer lining the medullary cavity
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NUTRIENT FORAMINA – define[a] the openings in shaft of bone through which blood vessels pass
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OSTEOBLASTS – define[a] the cells that build bone
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OSTEOCLASTS – define[a] the cells that break down bone
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OSTEOCYTES – define[a] the mature bone cells that maintain bone
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MATRIX of bone – describe[a]collagen fibers impregnated with calcium carbonate
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CANCELLOUS (SPONGY) BONE: – describe[a] It is porous with spongy appearance; durable and light.
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COMPACT (DENSE) BONE: – describe[a] densely packed matrix, not porous, forms outer portions of bones and is covered by a periosteum.
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Endochondral Ossification – define[a] bone formation in hyaline cartilage
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MYELOID TISSUE aka [a]bone marrow
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HEMOPOIESIS – define[a]blood cell formation
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Where does HEMOPOIESIS occur?[a] in red marrow only
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yellow bone marrow – define[a]This myeloid tissue does not produce blood cells but serves primarily as a storage site for fat.
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MEMBRANE – define[a]A double layer of tissue that usually lines a space in the body.
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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES – structure[a] a membrane with an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer
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MUCOUS MEMBRANES – location[a] lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior.
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SEROUS MEMBRANES – location[a]These membranes line a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior.
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visceral layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES – define[a] a serous MEMBRANE in contact with the organs within the cavity.
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parietal layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES – define[a] a serous MEMBRANE in contact with the wall of the body cavity
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SEROUS MEMBRANES examples[a]Pericardial and Peritoneal and Pleural membranes forming the internal lining of body cavities.
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skin aka[a]the integumentary system.
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EPIDERMIS – structure[a]STRATIFIED, KERATINIZED, SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
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STRATUM BASALE – define[a] the innermost layer of EPIDERMIS
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STRATUM CORNEUM – define[a] the outermost layer of EPIDERMIS
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DERMIS – structure[a]The skin layer composed of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.
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DERMIS – contains[a] blood and lymph vessels, white blood cells, hair folllicles, sebacious glands, sudiferous glands nerves that help support the epidermis.
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The superficial fascia – function[a]This fasciae connects the skin to the underlying tissues, insulates, protects, and stores energy in fat.
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The papillary layer of the dermis – function[a]This dermal layer anchors dermis to the epidermis (creates the pattern of the fingerprints).
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HAIR AND NAILS – structure[a] These structures are composed of specialized keratinized epithelial cells which are growing at the base of the shaft and are dead farther away
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arrector pili muscles – function[a]This makes the hair stand erect.
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suderiferous glands – function[a] produce sweat
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sebaceous glands – function[a]These glands secrete sebum which keeps skin from drying out and inhibits the growth of bacteria.
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MELANIN – function[a] absorb ultraviolet radiation
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VITAMIN D – production [a]This vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight.
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Bone and skin histology reversed
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What vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight, [necessary for the absorption of calcium in the small intestine] [a]VITAMIN D – production and function
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What pigment absorbs ultraviolet radiation?[a]MELANIN
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What glands secrete sebum which keeps skin from drying out and inhibits the growth of bacteria?[a]sebaceous glands
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What glands produce sweat?[a]suderiferous glands
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What makes the hair stands erect?[a]arrector pili muscles
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What structures are composed of specialized keratinized epithelial cells which are growing at the base of the shaft and are dead farther away?[a]HAIR AND NAILS
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What dermal layer anchors dermis to the epidermis (creates the pattern of the fingerprints)?[a]The papillary layer of the dermis
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What structure connects the skin to the underlying tissues?[a]The superficial fascia
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What skin layer contains blood, lymph vessels, white blood cells, and nerves that help support the epidermis?[a]DERMIS – contains
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What skin layer is composed of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue?[a]DERMIS – structure
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What is the outermost layer of EPIDERMIS?[a]STRATUM CORNEUM
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What is the innermost layer of EPIDERMIS?[a]STRATUM BASALE
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STRATIFIED, KERATINIZED, SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM makes up what?[a]EPIDERMIS
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the integumentary system. aka[a]skin
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What lines the joint cavities?[a]Synovial MEMBRANES
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What is a serous membrane in contact with the wall of the body cavity?[a]parietal layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES
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What is a serous membrane in contact with the organs within the cavity?[a]visceral layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES
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What kind of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior?[a]SEROUS MEMBRANES
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What kind of membrane lines body cavities that opens directly to the exterior?[a]MUCOUS MEMBRANES
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What is a membrane with an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer?[a]EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES
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This myeloid tissue does not produce blood cells but serves primarily as a storage site for fat.[a]yellow bone marrow
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What occurs in red marrow only?[a]HEMOPOIESIS
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What is the term for blood cell formation?[a]HEMOPOIESIS
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bone marrow aka [a]MYELOID TISSUE
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What is bone formation in hyaline cartilage?[a]Endochondral Ossification
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What kind of bone is made with densely packed matrix, not porous, forms outer portions of bones and is covered by a periosteum?[a]COMPACT (DENSE) BONE:
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What kind of bone is made with loosely packed matrix. It is porous with spongy appearance; durable and light?[a]CANCELLOUS (SPONGY) BONE:
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What is made of collagen fibers impregnated with calcium carbonate and calcium apatite?[a]MATRIX of bone
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What are the mature bone cells that maintain bone?[a]OSTEOCYTES
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What are the cells that break down bone?[a]OSTEOCLASTS
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What are the cells that build bone?[a]OSTEOBLASTS
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What are the openings in shaft of bone through which blood vessels pass?[a]NUTRIENT FORAMINA
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What is the connective tissue layer lining the medullary cavity?[a]ENDOSTEUM
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What is the cavity in the middle of the diaphysis filled with bone marrow?[a]MEDULLARY CAVITY
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What is hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface of bone?[a]ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
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What is bone growth that occurs beneath the periosteum?[a]INTRAMEMBRANOUS GROWTH
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Inner layer of PERIOSTEUM is called the ?[a]osteogenic layer of PERIOSTEUM
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Outer layer of PERIOSTEUM is composed of what?[a]fibrous layer of PERIOSTEUM
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What is a connective tissue layer that surrounds the surfaces of bones?[a]PERIOSTEUM
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What is bone growth within cartilage called?[a]ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION
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What is between the diaphysis and the epiphyses?[a]EPIPHYSEAL PLATE In growing bone is made up of hyaline cartilage.
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What is the shaft of the bone called?[a]DIAPHYSIS
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What are the ends of the bone called?[a]EPIPHYSIS
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What does the skin make in the presence of sunlight, [necessary for the absorption of calcium in the small intestine] [a]Vit D
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