Chemistry
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CHEMISTRY – define[a]WHAT IS THE STUDY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES.
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ATOM – define[a]the fundamental unit of matter.
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Protons – define[a]the structures located in the nucleus that have mass and a positive charge (1+)
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Neutron – define[a] structures located in the nucleus that have mass and no charge.
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Electron – define[a]structures that have very small mass, a negative charge (-1) and move around the nucleus in orbitals. Interaction between these and various atoms is responsible for most chemical reactions.
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ATOMIC NUMBER – define[a] the number of protons in a given atom
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ELEMENT – define[a] substance composed of one kind of atom.
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Na is the symbol for which element?[a] sodium.
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K is the symbol for which element?[a] potassium.
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P is the symbol for which element?[a] phosphorus.
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Cl is the symbol for which element?[a] chlorine.
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IONS – define[a] the charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.
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MOLECULE – define[a]a combination of two or more atoms.
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COMPOUND – define[a] a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
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IONIC BONDS – define[a]A type of bond formed when ions that are joined together exchange electrons.
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COVALENT BONDS – define[a]A type of bond formed when two or more atoms share pairs of electrons.
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SYNTHESIS REACTIONS–ANABOLIC REACTIONS – define[a]These reactions involve the formation of large molecules from smaller molecules. (REQUIRE energy)
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DECOMPOSTION REACTIONS–CATABOLIC REACTIONS – define[a]These reactions involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules. (RELEASE energy)
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SALT decomposes into what?[a]This compound breaks down into electrolytes (NA+ and Cl-) when dissolved in water.
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ACIDS decomposes into what?[a]THESE SUBSTANCES BREAK DOWN TO RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS (H+) and anions IN WATER.
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BASES decomposes into what[a]THESE SUBSTANCES BREAK DOWN TO RELEASE HYDROXYL IONS (OH-) and cations IN WATER.
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What is the pH of blood?[a] 7.35-7.45 range. (fall out of this range and you will die in a few minutes)
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BUFFERS – function[a]This substance can bind any excess H+ or OH- ions introduced to a system and moderate pH. In practice your body neutralizes a strong acid with a weak base and visa versa.
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MIXTURE – define[a] A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS.
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SOLUTIONS – define[a]A a combination of a solvent (like water) and a solute (like salt) that stays evenly mixed.
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COLLOIDS – define[a]This mixture displays different characteristics depending upon the amount of heat in the system. (acts like jello)
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SUSPENSION – define[a]This mixture will allow particles to eventually settle out.(like oil and vinegar dressing)
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CARBOHYDRATES – function[a]These compounds are the the major source of fuel for the body.
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MONOSACCHARIDES – list[a] GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, and GALACTOSE.
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Disaccharides – list[a] ARE SUCROSE, MALTOSE AND LACTOSE.
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POLYSACCHARIDES – list[a]STARCH AND GLYCOGEN.
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PHOSPHOLIPIDS – function[a] They make up 2/3 of the cell membrane.
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LIPIDS – list[a] TRIGLYCERIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, STEROIDS.
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Triglycerides – function[a] These compounds provides long term energy, insulation and padding.
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STEROIDS – define[a] cholesterol based hormones, like estrogen and testosterone.
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PROTEINS – define[a]These molecules are composed of amino acids and form the structure of the body.
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Structural proteins – list[a] Collagen Keratin Actin and Myosin
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Functional proteins – list[a]enzymes Antibodies Hormones Hemoglobin Actin and Myosin
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ENZYMES – function[a]These are CATALYSTS and speed up chemical reactions.
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NUCLEIC ACIDS – list[a] DNA–deoxyribonucleic acid RNA–ribonucleic acid. (composed of nucleotides)
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Chemistry reversed
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Which type of acids are these? DNA–deoxyribonucleic acid RNA–ribonucleic acid. (composed of nucleotides)[a]NUCLEIC ACIDS
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These are CATALYSTS and speed up chemical reactions?[a]ENZYMES function
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Which type of proteins are these: Enzymes, Antibodies, Hormones, Hemoglobin[a]Functional proteins
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Which type of proteins are these: Collagen, Keratin, Actin, and Myosin[a]Structural proteins
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What substance is composed of amino acids and forms the structure of the body?[a]PROTEINS
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What are cholesterol based hormones, like estrogen and testosterone?[a]STEROIDS
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What compounds provides long term energy, insulation and padding?[a]Triglycerides
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What kind of compounds are the following: TRIGLYCERIDES, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, STEROIDS.[a]LIPIDS
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What molecule are cell membranes made of?[a]PHOSPHOLIPIDS
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WHAT KIND OF CARBOHYDRATES ARE STARCH AND GLYCOGEN?[a]POLYSACCHARIDES
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WHAT KIND OF CARBOHYDRATES ARE SUCROSE AND LACTOSE?[a]Disaccharides
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WHAT KIND OF CARBOHYDRATES ARE GLUCOSE, FRUCTOSE, and GALACTOSE?[a]MONOSACCHARIDES
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What compounds are the the major source of fuel for the body?[a]CARBOHYDRATES
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Which mixtures will allow particles to eventually settle out?[a]SUSPENSION
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Which mixture displays different characteristics depending upon the amount of heat in the system? (acts like jello)[a]COLLOIDS
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What is a combination of a solvent and a solute that stays evenly mixed?[a]SOLUTION
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WHAT IS A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS?[a]MIXTURE
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Which type of substance can bind any excess H+ or OH- ions to moderate a change in pH? In practice your body neutralizes a strong acid with a weak base and visa versa.[a]BUFFERS
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WHICH SUBSTANCES BREAK DOWN TO RELEASE HYDROXYL IONS (OH-) and cations IN WATER?[a]BASES
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WHICH SUBSTANCES BREAK DOWN TO RELEASE HYDROGEN IONS (H+) and anions IN WATER?[a]ACIDS
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Which compound breaks down into electrolytes when dissolved in water?[a]SALT
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Which reactions involve the breakdown of larger molecules into smaller molecules? (RELEASE energy)[a]DECOMPOSTION REACTIONS–CATABOLIC REACTIONS –
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Which reactions involve the formation of large molecules from smaller molecules? (REQUIRE energy)[a]SYNTHESIS REACTIONS–ANABOLIC REACTIONS –
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What type of bond is formed when two or more atoms share pairs of electrons?[a]COVALENT BONDS
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What type of bond is formed when ions that are joined together exchange electrons?[a]IONIC BONDS
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What is a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms?[a]COMPOUND
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What is a combination of two or more atoms?[a]MOLECULE
[q]What are the charged particles formed when atoms gain or lose electrons?[a]IONS
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What is the symbol for chlorine?[a]Cl
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What is the symbol for phosphorus?[a]P
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What is the symbol for potassium?[a]K
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What is the symbol for sodium?[a]Na
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What is the pure substance composed of one kind of atom?[a]ELEMENT
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What indicates the number of protons in a given atom and identifies the type of atom it is?[a]ATOMIC NUMBER
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What are the structures that have very small mass, a negative charge (-1) and move around the nucleus in orbitals. Interaction between these and various atoms is responsible for most chemical reactions.[a]Electron
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What are the structures located in the nucleus that have mass and no charge?[a]Neutron
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What are the structures located in the nucleus that have mass and a positive charge (1+)[a]Protons
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What is the fundamental unit of matter?[a]ATOM
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WHAT IS THE STUDY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES?[a]CHEMISTRY
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