I started this blog as a Live Your legend Challenge, and this is a topic they want everyone to write about, so there are two things that make me really angry: 1)People who don’t think for themselves.

2)Zucchini.

I know what you’re thinking, another zucchini hater. We’re gonna build a wall to keep them out. But truth is, while there is no reason for zucchini to exist, it can be avoided easily. However, people who don’t think for themselves (which may be an even bigger problem) are all over the place. You can’t avoid them! I once complained to a kindly friend that only one person in ten think for themselves. He replied, “Oh Bill, you’re being way too generous if you think it’s one in ten.”

It’s not that people are stupid, but there is this willful ignorance going around where people will believe a patently ridiculous lie rather than respect a truth that makes them uncomfortable. I have come to think that staying in your comfort zone is the most dangerous thing you can do, for yourself and everybody around you.

Galileo thought that all he had to do was show people the evidence that the earth went around the sun and that would be enough. It turns out that that was a naive point of view. It’s an old problem and it’s getting worse because now moneyed interests can buy very persuasive spokespeople to sway the crowd because the crowd is so easily swayed.

And so it goes.

[q]

Fibrous joint – structure [a]This type of joint has a binding substance of dense fibrous connective tissue.

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Fibrous joint types – list [a]Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

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suture – location[a]This type of joint binds the skull bones together.

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gomphosis – location[a]This type of joint is formed by a tooth and its alveolus.

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syndesmosis – structure [a]This type of joint is formed when the binding substance is ligament.

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Cartilaginous joint – structure [a]This type of joint is formed when the binding substance is cartilage.

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symphysis – structure [a]This type of joint is formed when there are two bones with disk of fibrocartilage between them.

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synchondrosis – structure [a]This type of joint is formed when the binding substance is hyaline cartilage. (e.g.sternocostal joints)

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Synovial joint – structure [a]This type of joint is formed by an articular capsule.

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What kind of cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones?[a]Hyaline cartilage

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periosteum – define[a]This is the highly vascular connective tissue which surrounds, protects and provides nourishment to bone.

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fibrous layer of a joint capsule – define[a]This layer surrounds the joint, protects deeper structures and interweaves with periosteum of articulating bones.

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synovial membrane – location[a]This is the deep layer of a joint capsule.

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intracapsular ligaments – location[a]This ligaments lie within the joint capsule space such as the cruciates of the knee.

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capsular ligaments – structure [a]This ligaments are actually thickenings in part of the capsule.

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Synarthrotic joints – list [a]This type of joints are Sutures, Gomphoses and Synchondroses. They don’t move.

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Amphiarthrotic joints – list [a]This type of joints are Syndesmoses and Symphyses. They move a little.

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What kind of movement do diarthrotic joints allow?[a]This type of joints are freely movable.

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non-axial joints – define[a]This type of joint has bones that glide across each other with surfaces that are flat.

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uni-axial joints – list types[a]HINGE and PIVOT

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bi-axial joints – list types [a] These joints include ELLIPSOID (e.g. wrist joint, first CMCJ) and saddle.

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tri-axial joints – list [a]BALL & SOCKET (hip and shoulder joints)

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Bursa – define[a]These are the “sacks” filled with synovial fluid within the synovial membrane.

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Tendon Sheath – define[a]This covers a tendon as a tubular extension of a snynovial joint membrane.

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Retinaculum – define[a]This is the band of thickened fascia which serves as a restraint for groups of tendons to prevent a “bowstring” effect.

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SADDLE joints – list [a]The first CMCJ and sternoclavicular joints.

[/qdeck]

Arthrology reversed [qdeck]

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The first CMCJ and sternoclavicular joints are which type of joints?[a]SADDLE joints

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What is the band of thickened fascia which serves as a restraint for groups of tendons to prevent a “bowstring” effect?[a]Retinaculum

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What covers a tendon as a “tubular” extension of the synovial joint membrane?[a]Tendon Sheath

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What are the “sacks” filled with synovial fluid within the synovial membrane?[a]Bursa

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BALL & SOCKET are which type of joints? (hip and shoulder joints)[a]tri-axial joints

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Which type of joints are ELLIPSOID e.g. wrist joint, SADDLE and first CMCJ?[a]bi-axial joints

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HINGE and PIVOT are which type of joints?[a]uni-axial joints

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Which type of joint has bones that glide across each other (arthrodial) with surfaces that are flat?[a]non-axial joints

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Which type of joints are freely movable?[a] diarthrotic

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Which type of movement do Syndesmoses and Symphyses allow?[a]Amphiarthrotic joints allow a little movement

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Which type of joints are Sutures, Gomphoses and Synchondroses?[a]Synarthrotic joints – no movement

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What kind of ligaments are actually thickenings in part of the capsule?[a]capsular ligaments

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What kind of ligaments lie within the joint capsule space?[a]intracapsular ligaments

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What is the deep layer of a joint capsule?[a]synovial membrane

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Which layer surrounds joint, protects, deeper structures and interweaves with periosteum of articulating bones?[a]fibrous layer of a joint capsule

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Name the highly vascular connective tissue which surrounds, protects and provides nourishment to bone.[a]periosteum

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Hyaline cartilage makes what structure in a synovial joint?[a] articular cartilage

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Which type of joint is formed by an articular capsule?[a]Synovial joint

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Which type of joint is formed when the binding substance is hyaline cartilage? (e.g.sternocostal joints)[a]synchondrosis

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Which type of joint is formed when there are two bones with a disk of fibrocartilage between them?[a]symphysis

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Symphysis and synchondrosis are both which type of joint?[a]Cartilaginous joint

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Which type of joint is formed when the binding substance is ligament?[a]syndesmosis

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Which type of joint is formed by a tooth and its alveolus?[a]gomphosis

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Which type of joint binds the skull bones together?[a]suture

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Sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses are which type of joints?[a]Fibrous joint types

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What kind of movement to uniaxial (monaxial) joints permit?[a]Movement in one plane, such as flexion/extension of the elbow.

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What kind of movement to diaxial (biaxial) joints permit?[a]Movement in two planes, such as flexion/extension and radial/ulnar deviation of the radiocarpal joint.

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What kind of movement to triaxial joints permit?[a]Movement in three planes, such as flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and rotation of the glenohumeral joint.

[/qdeck]

Kinesiology [qdeck]

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Arthrology – define[a]This is the study of joints.

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Kinesiology – define[a]This is the study of movement.

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articulation – define[a]This is a structure where two or more bones are bound together by connective tissue.

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abduction – define[a]This type of movement directs bones away from the midline of the body.

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adduction – define[a]This type of movement directs bones toward the midline of the body. (return to anatomical position)

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radial deviation – define[a]This is the specific name for wrist abduction.

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ulnar deviation – define[a]This is the specific name for wrist adduction.

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lateral flexion – define[a]This type of movement bends the vertebral column sideways.

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rotation- define[a]Name the type of movement where a bone spins on its own axis or around the axis of another bone.

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lateral rotation aka[a]This is another name for external rotation.

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medial rotation aka[a]This is another name for internal rotation.

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supination – define[a]This movement rotates the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly.

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pronation- define[a]Pronation. Palm. Posterior. This movement rotates the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly.

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horizontal flexion/horizontal adduction – define[a]This movement occurs when the humerus, flexed at 90 degrees, moves toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane.

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horizontal extension/horizontal abduction – define[a]This movement occurs when the humerus, flexed at 90 degrees, moves away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane.

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circumduction – define[a]This movement occurs when the distal end of the bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stationary.

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true circumduction – define[a]This type of circumduction involves only one joint, such as the glenohumeral joint..

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false circumduction – define[a]This type of circumduction involves more than one joint, such as the cervical vertebrae.

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inversion (supination) – define[a]This movement occurs when the plantar surface of the foot moves toward the midline of the body. (medial surface raised)

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eversion (pronation) – define[a]This movement occurs when the plantar surface of the foot moves away from the midline of the body. (lateral surface raised)

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elevation – define[a]This movement occurs when the shoulder girdle, mandible, hyoid or ribs move in a superior direction. (eyebrows too)

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depression – define[a]This movement occurs when the shoulder girdle, mandible, hyoid and ribs move in an inferior direction.

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protraction – define[a]This movement occurs when the shoulder girdle or mandible move in an anterior direction.

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retraction – define[a]This movement occurs when the shoulder girdle or mandible move in a posterior direction.

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upward rotation of scapula – define[a]This movement occurs when the scapula rotates about its axis in so that the acromion moves superiorly and inferior angle moves laterally.

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downward rotation of scapula – define[a]This movement occurs when the scapula returns to anatomical position from upward rotation.

[/qdeck]

Kinesiology reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which movement occurs when the scapula returns to anatomical position from upward rotation?[a]downward rotation of scapula

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Which movement occurs when the scapula rotates about its axis so that the acromion moves superiorly and the inferior angle moves laterally?[a]upward rotation of scapula

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Which movement occurs when the shoulder girdle or mandible move in a posterior direction?[a]retraction

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Which movement occurs when the shoulder girdle and mandible move in an anterior direction?[a]protraction

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Which movement occurs when the shoulder girdle, mandible, hyoid and ribs move in an inferior direction?[a]depression

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Which movement occurs when the shoulder girdle, mandible, hyoid or ribs move in a superior direction?[a]elevation

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Which movement occurs when the plantar surface of the foot moves away from the midline of the body? (lateral surface raised)[a]eversion (pronation)

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Which movement occurs when the plantar surface of the foot moves toward the midline of the body? (medial surface raised)[a]inversion (supination)

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Which type of circumduction involves more than one joint? i.e. the cervical vertebrae[a]false circumduction

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Which type of circumduction involves only one joint? i.e. the glenohumeral joint[a]true circumduction

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Which movement occurs when the distal end of the bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains stationary?[a]circumduction

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Which movement occurs when the humerus, flexed at 90 degrees, moves away from the midline of the body in the transverse plane?[a]horizontal extension/horizontal abduction

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Which movement occurs when the humerus, flexed at 90 degrees, moves toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane?[a]horizontal flexion/horizontal adduction

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Which movement rotates the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly?[a]Pronation – Palm – Posterior

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Which movement rotates the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly?[a]supination

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What is another name for internal rotation?[a]medial rotation

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What is another name for external rotation?[a]lateral rotation

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Name the type of movement where a bone spins on its own axis or around the axis of another bone?[a]rotation

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Which type of movement bends the vertebral column sideways?[a]lateral flexion

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What is the specific name for wrist adduction?[a]ulnar deviation

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What is the specific name for wrist abduction?[a]radial deviation

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Which type of movement directs bones toward the midline of the body? (return to anatomical position)[a]adduction

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Which type of movement directs bones away from the midline of the body?[a]abduction

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Name the type of structure that occurs where two or more bones are bound together by connective tissue?[a]articulation

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What is the study of movement?[a]Kinesiology

[q]

What is the study of joints?[a]Arthrology

[/qdeck]

[q]

This makes up the PECTORAL (or SHOULDER) GIRDLE.[a]The two clavicles and the two scapulae.

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The clavicle connects which bones?[a]This bone links the sternum to the scapula.

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spine of the scapula – features[a]This structure has the acromion at one end and the root at the other.

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glenoid fossa – function[a]This strucure receives the head of the humerus to form the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT (shoulder joint).

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glenoid labrum -describe[a]This is the lip of cartilage around edge of glenoid fossa

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coracoid process – location[a]This is the most anterior feature of the scapula, for muscle attachment.

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HUMERUS – describe[a]This is the largest bone of the upper extremity.

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Head of humerus articulates with?[a]This part of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa.

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surgical neck – describe[a]This is the constriction distal to the head of humerus, a common fracture site.

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greater tubercle – describe[a]This is the large and lateral bump for muscle attachment for three (3) of the rotator cuff muscles.

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lesser tubercle – describe[a]This is the small and anterior bump for muscle attachment of one (1) of the rotator cuff muscles.

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intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove – describe[a]This is the groove located between the tubercles which stabilizes one of the tendons (long head) of the biceps brachii muscle.

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trochlea – describe[a]This is the spool-shaped projection at the distal end of the humerus which receives the trochlear notch of the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint.

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capitulum – describe[a]This is the round projection lateral to the trochlea that receives the top of the head of the radius to form the radiohumeral joint.

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olecranon fossa – describe[a]This is located on the posterior surface of the humerus just proximal to the trochlea which receives olecranon process of ulna in full extension of the elbow.

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coronoid fossa – describe[a]This is located on the anterior surface of the humerus, just proximal to the trochlea which receives the coronoid process of the ulna in full flexion of the elbow.

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lateral/medial epicondyles – describe[a]This are the small bumps at distal ends of supracondylar ridges which serve as muscle attachment sites.

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Acromioclavicular joint is formed by what bones?[a]This is the joint between the scapula and the clavicle.

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Sternoclavicular joint is formed by what bones?[a]This is the joint between the sternum and the clavicle.

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Glenohumeral joint is formed by what bones?[a]This is the joint between the scapula and the humerus.

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olecranon process – describe[a]This is the prominence of ulna which forms the proximal lip of the trochlear notch.

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coronoid process – describe[a]This forms distal lip of trochlear notch of ulna.

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trochlear (semilunar) notch – describe[a]This part of the ulna wraps around the trochlea of the humerus.

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radial notch – describe[a]This structure receives the head of the radius to form the PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT.

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styloid process – describe[a]This is located on both the radius and ulna at their most distal extremity.

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ulnar notch – describe[a]This structure is located at distal end of radius and receives head of ulna to form the DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT.

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Interosseous membrane – describe[a]This is the fibrous connective (ligamentous) tissue that connects the radius and the ulna along their length. It helps to stabilize the forearm.

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Proximal Row of carpals – list[a]scaphoid (also called the navicular), lunate triquetrum, pisiform (easily palpated)

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Distal Row of carpals – list[a] trapezium (tubercle easily palpated), trapezoid, capitate, hamate (the hook of the hamate is easily palpated)

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Bones of the RADIOCARPAL JOINT – list[a]The radius, scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum .

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What do you have 5 of in each hand?[a]METACARPALS

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What do you have 14 in each hand?[a]PHALANGES

[/qdeck]

upper extremity reversed [qdeck]

[q]

PHALANGES location and number?[a]14 in each hand and foot

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METACARPALS location and number?[a]5 of in each hand

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The radius, scaphoid, lunate and triquetrum form which joint?[a]Bones of the RADIOCARPAL JOINT

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What is the fibrous connective (ligamentous) tissue that connects the radius and the ulna along their length?[a]Interosseous membrane

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What structure is located at distal end of radius and receives head of ulna to form the DISTAL RADIOULNAR JOINT?[a]ulnar notch

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What is located on both the radius and ulna at their most distal extremity?[a]styloid process

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What structure receives the head of the radius to form the PROXIMAL RADIOULNAR JOINT?[a]radial notch

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Which part of the ulna is actually in contact with the trochlea of the humerus?[a]trochlear (semilunar) notch

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What forms distal lip of trochlear notch of ulna?[a]coronoid process

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What is the prominence of ulna which forms the proximal lip of the trochlear notch?[a]olecranon process

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What is the joint between the scapula and the humerus?[a]Glenohumeral joint

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What is the joint between the sternum and the clavicle?[a]Sternoclavicular joint

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What is the joint between the scapula and the clavicle?[a]Acromioclavicular joint

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What are the small bumps at distal ends of supracondylar ridges which serve as muscle attachment sites?[a]lateral/medial epicondyles

[q]

What is located on the anterior surface of the humerus, just proximal to the trochlea which receives the coronoid process of the ulna in full flexion of the elbow?[a]coronoid fossa

[q]

What is located on the posterior surface of the humerus just proximal to the trochlea which receives olecranon process of ulna in full extension of the elbow?[a]olecranon fossa

[q]

What is the round projection lateral to the trochlea that receives the top of the head of the radius to form the radiohumeral joint?[a]capitulum

[q]

What is the spool-shaped projection at the distal end of the humerus which receives the trochlear notch of the ulna to form the humeroulnar joint?[a]trochlea

[q]

What is the groove located between the tubercles which stabilizes one of the tendons (long head) of the biceps brachii muscle?[a]intertubercular sulcus/bicipital groove

[q]

What is the small and anterior bump for muscle attachment of one (1) of the rotator cuff muscles?[a]lesser tubercle

[q]

What is the large and lateral bump for muscle attachment for three (3) of the rotator cuff muscles?[a]reater tubercle

[q]

What is the constriction distal to the head of humerus; a common fracture site?[a]surgical neck

[q]

Which part of the humerus articulates with the glenoid fossa?[a]Head of humerus

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What is the largest bone of the upper extremity?[a]HUMERUS

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What is the most anterior feature of the scapula, for muscle attachment?[a]coracoid process

[q]

What is the lip of cartilage around edge of glenoid fossa?[a]glenoid labrum

[q]

What strucure receives the head of the humerus to form the GLENOHUMERAL JOINT (shoulder joint)?[a]glenoid fossa

[q]

What structure has the acromion at one end and the root at the other?[a]spine of the scapula

[q]

What bone links the sternum to the scapula?[a]The clavicle

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The two clavicles and the two scapulae make up what structure?[a]the PECTORAL (or SHOULDER) GIRDLE

[/qdeck]

[q]

Define PELVIC GIRDLE[a]This structure is formed by two bones, the OS COXAE.

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Define os coxa[a]This structure is formed by the fusion of three distinct bones – the ILIUM, ISCHIUM and PUBIS.

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Define Ilium[a]This is the most superior bone of the os coxa.

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Define Ischium[a]This is the inferior, posterior bone of the os coxa.

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Define Pubis[a]This is the most anterior, inferior bone of the os coxa.

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Define Acetabulum[a]This is a very deep socket that articulates with the HEAD OF THE FEMUR to form the ILIOFEMORAL joint.

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Define Obturator Foramen[a]This is the largest foramen in the body, formed by the pubis and the ischium and covered by a membrane and muscles.

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Define Iliac Crest[a]This is the most superior margin of os coxa.

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Define Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: (ASIS)[a]This is the tip at the anterior end of the iliac crest.

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Define Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine[a]This is the lower tip at the anterior end of the iliac crest.

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Define Posterior Superior Iliac Spine[a]This is the superior spine overhanging the sacrum at the posterior end of the iliac crest. Lies just lateral to L5.

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Define Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine[a]This is the inferior spine overhanging the sacrum inferior to the PSIS.

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Define Greater Sciatic Notch[a]This is the huge notch just inferior and lateral to the PIIS. Provides passage for the SCIATIC NERVE.

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Define Iliac Fossa[a]This is the depression on the anterior (medial) surface of the ilium which is filled with the muscle iliacus.

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Define Auricular Surface[a]This articulates with AURICULAR SURFACES of the SACRUM to form the SACROILIAC JOINTS.

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Define Sacrospinous Ligaments[a]Which ligaments run from the sacrum to the spine of the ischium.

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Define Ischial Tuberosity[a]This is the large, rounded prominence of ischium that you usually sit on.

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Define Ischial (a.k.a. Sciatic) Spine[a]This is the bony prominence just inferior to the greater sciatic notch.

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Define Lesser Sciatic Notch[a]This is the notch just inferior to the ischial spine. A muscle passes through this groove (obturator internus)

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Define Symphysis Pubis[a]This is a disk of fibrocartilage that joins the os coxae together. It is between the pubic bodies of both os coxae.

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Define Inferior Ramus[a]This is the portion of the pubis connecting the body to the ischial ramus.

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Define Superior Ramus[a]This is the bony part connecting the body of the pubis to the ilium near the acetabulum.

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Define Pubic Crest[a]This is the anterior, superior edge of the pubic body.

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Define Pubic Tubercle[a]This is the small bump at medial tips of pubic crest.

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PELVIS list the bones[a]This is composed of four bones – two os coxae, sacrum, coccyx.

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Define Anterior Tilt [a]In this condition the ASIS lies anterior to the pubic crest on the coronal plane.

[q]

Define Posterior Tilt [a]In this condition the ASIS lies posterior to the pubic crest on the coronal plane.

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Head of the femur joins with what?[a]This bone articulates with the acetabulum.

[/qdeck]

Pelvis reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which bone articulates with the acetabulum?[a]Head of the femur

[q]

In what condition does the ASIS lie posterior the pubic crest on the coronal plane?[a] Posterior Tilt

[q]

In what condition does the ASIS lie anterior to the pubic crest on the coronal plane?[a] Anterior Tilt

[q]

What is composed of four bones – two os coxae, sacrum, coccyx?[a]PELVIS

[q]

What is the small bump at medial tips of pubic crest?[a] Pubic Tubercle

[q]

What is the anterior, superior edge of the pubic body?[a] Pubic Crest

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What is the bony part connecting the body of the pubis to the ilium near the acetabulum?[a] Superior Ramus

[q]

What is the portion of the pubis connecting the body to the ischial ramus?[a] Inferior Ramus

[q]

What is a disk of fibrocartilage that joins the os coxae together?[a] Symphysis Pubis

[q]

What is the notch just inferior to the ischial spine?[a] Lesser Sciatic Notch

[q]

What is the bony prominence just inferior to the greater sciatic notch?[a] Ischial (a.k.a. Sciatic) Spine

[q]

What is the large, rounded prominence of ischium that you usually sit on?[a] Ischial Tuberosity

[q]

Which ligaments run from the sacrum to the spine of the ischium?[a] Sacrospinous Ligaments

[q]

What articulates with AURICULAR SURFACES of the SACRUM to form the SACROILIAC JOINTS?[a] Auricular Surface

[q]

What is the depression on the anterior (medial) surface of the ilium which is filled with the muscle iliacus?[a] Iliac Fossa

[q]

What is the huge notch just inferior and lateral to the PIIS?[a] Greater Sciatic Notch

[q]

What is the inferior spine overhanging the sacrum inferior to the PSIS?[a] Posterior Inferior Iliac Spine

[q]

What is the superior spine overhanging the sacrum at the posterior end of the iliac crest?[a] Posterior Superior Iliac Spine

[q]

What is the lower tip at the anterior end of the iliac crest?[a] Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

[q]

What is the tip at the anterior end of the iliac crest?[a] Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: (ASIS)

[q]

What is the most superior margin of os coxa?[a] Iliac Crest

[q]

What is the largest foramen in the body, formed by the pubis and the ischium and covered by a membrane and muscles?[a] Obturator Foramen

[q]

What is a very deep socket that articulates with the HEAD OF THE FEMUR to form the ILIOFEMORAL joint?[a] Acetabulum

[q]

What is the most anterior, inferior bone of the os coxa?[a] Pubis

[q]

What is the inferior, posterior bone of the os coxa?[a] Ischium

[q]

What is the most superior bone of the os coxa?[a] Ilium

[q]

What structure is formed by the fusion of three distinct bones;the ILIUM, ISCHIUM and PUBIS?[a] os coxa

[q]

What structure is formed by two bones, the OS COXAE?[a] PELVIC GIRDLE

[/qdeck]

[q]

Define Fovea[a]This is a slight depression on the head of the femur.

[q]

What is the pubic angle of a female?[a]A pubic angle of greater than 90 degrees is found on a female.

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Define Greater Trochanter[a]This is a very large bulge at the lateral aspect of the proximal shaft of the femur.

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Define Lesser Trochanter[a]This is a medial and posterior, smaller bump across from the greater trochanter.

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Define Linea Aspera[a]This is a rough line all along posterior shaft of the femur with many muscle attachments.

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Define Femoral Condyles[a]These are huge, rounded processes which articulate with the TIBIA to form part of the knee joint.

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Define Patellar Surface[a]This is an anterior space between the condyles of the femur. The PATELLA rides along this groove and rests in it.

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Define Intercondylar Notch[a]This is a posterior and inferior notch between the two condyles.

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Define Popliteal Surface or Space[a]This is a triangular space on the posterior, distal femur formed by the supracondylar lines.

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Define Adductor Tubercle[a]This is a small bump on the superior edge of medial epicondyle of the femur.

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Define Medial/Lateral Condyles of Tibia[a]These are the two flat condyles which articulate with medial/lateral condyles of femur to form part of the TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT (knee).

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Define Intercondylar Eminence[a]This is a peg-like projections of the tibia that fits into the intercondylar notch of the femur.

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Define Tibial Tuberosity[a]This is a large, prominent bump on anterior, proximal shaft of the tibia.

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Define Tibial Crest[a]This is a sharp edge on the anterior shaft of the tibia.

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Define Medial Malleolus[a]This is the medial “ankle bone. Part of the tibia.

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Define Soleal Line[a]This is a rough oblique line on posterior, proximal shaft of the tibia.

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Define PATELLA[a]This is a sesamoid bone that everyone has.

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Define Meniscus[a]These are the semilunar cartilages.

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Define Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments[a]These are intracapsular ligaments of the knee.

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Define FIBULA[a] the lateral leg bone.

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Define Lateral Malleolus[a] lateral “ankle bone”, part of the fibula.

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Define Interosseous Membrane[a]This membrane lies between the tibia and fibula.

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Define Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis[a]This is the amphiarthrotic joint where ligaments bind the distal ends of the tibia and fibula.

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Which group of 7 bones is in the foot?[a] tarsals

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This group of 14 bones is in the foot?[a]phalanges

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Define Talus[a]This is the most proximal tarsal.

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Define Calcaneous[a]This is the most posterior and largest of the tarsals … heelbone.

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Define Navicular[a]This bone is anterior to the talus on the medial aspect of the foot.

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Define Cuneiforms[a]These are the three small bones anterior to the navicular numbered I, II, III (medial, intermediate, and lateral).

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Define Cuboid[a]This is the tarsal lateral to cuneiforms and anterior to calcaneus.

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osteology – lower extremity reversed [qdeck]

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What is the tarsal lateral to cuneiforms and anterior to calcaneus?[a]Cuboid

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What are the three small bones anterior to the navicular numbered I, II, III (medial, intermediate, and lateral)?[a]Cuneiforms

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Which bone is anterior to the talus on the medial aspect of the foot?[a]Navicular

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Which is the most posterior and largest of the tarsals … heelbone?[a]Calcaneous

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What is the most proximal tarsal?[a]Talus

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What is the number of phalanges in one foot?[a]14 bones

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What is the number of tarsals in one foot?[a] bones

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What is the amphiarthrotic joint where ligaments bind the distal ends of the tibia and fibula?[a]Distal Tibiofibular Syndesmosis

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What are the criss-crossing of ligaments between the tibia and fibula?[a]Interosseous Membrane

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Which is the lateral “ankle bone”, part of the fibula?[a]Lateral Malleolus

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Which is the lateral leg bone?[a]FIBULA

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Which are intracapsular ligaments of the knee?[a]Anterior and Posterior Cruciate Ligaments

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What are the semilunar cartilages?[a]Meniscus

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What is a sesamoid bonethat everyone has?[a]PATELLA

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What is a rough oblique line on posterior, proximal shaft of the tibia?[a]Soleal Line

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What is the medial “ankle bone?[a]Medial Malleolus

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What is a sharp edge on the anterior shaft of the tibia?[a]Tibial Crest

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What is a large, prominent bump on anterior, proximal shaft of the tibia?[a]Tibial Tuberosity

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What is a peg-like projections of the tibia that fits into the intercondylar notch of the femur?[a]Intercondylar Eminence

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Which are the two flat condyles which articulate with medial/lateral condyles of femur to form part of the TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT (knee)?[a]Medial/Lateral Condyles of Tibia

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What is a small bump on the superior edge of medial epicondyle of the femur?[a]Adductor Tubercle

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What is a triangular space on the posterior, distal femur formed by the supracondylar lines?[a]Popliteal Surface or Space

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What is a posterior and inferior notch between the two condyles?[a]Intercondylar Notch

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What is an anterior space between and proximal to the condyles of the femur? The PATELLA rides along this groove and rests in it.[a]Patellar Surface

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What are huge, rounded articular processes which articulate with the TIBIA to form part of the knee joint?[a]Femoral Condyles

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What is a rough line all along posterior shaft of the femur with many muscle attachments?[a]Linea Aspera

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What is a medial and posterior, smaller bump across from the greater trochanter?[a]Lesser Trochanter

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What is a very large bulge at the lateral aspect of the proximal shaft of the femur?[a]Greater Trochanter

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A pubic angle of greater than 90 degrees is found on a male or a female?[a] female

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What is a slight depression on the head of the femur?[a]Fovea

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