Which muscle is innervated by the PHRENIC nerve?[a] the Diaphragm
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Carpi Radialis?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the interossei?[a] the ULNAR nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Brachioradialis?[a] the RADIAL nerve
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the AXILLARY nerve?[a] Teres Minor and Deltoid
[q]
Which nerve innervates Palmaris Longus?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the lumbricals?[a] the ULNAR nerve
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS nerve?[a] Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the RADIAL nerve?[a] Tricep brachii, Anconeus, Brachioradialis, Supinator, the Wrist/Hand Extensors
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the MEDIAN nerve?[a] Pronator Teres, Pronator Quadratus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Pollicis Longus, the Thenar Eminence
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the ULNAR nerve?[a] Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Flexor Digitorum Profundus, the hypothenar Eminence, the lumbricals, the interossei
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Digitorum Superficialis?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Brachialis?[a] the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS nerve
[q]
Which muscles may entrap the BRACHIAL PLEXUS?[a]The scalense and pectorais minor
[q]Which nerve innervates the hypothenar Eminence?[a]the ULNAR nerve
[q]
Which bones may entrap the MEDIAN nerve?[a]The carpal tunnel
[/qdeck]
Upper Extremity Nerves 2
[qdeck]
[q]
Which nerve innervates the Diaphragm?[a] the PHRENIC nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Teres Minor?[a] the AXILLARY nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Deltoid?[a] the AXILLARY nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Biceps Brachii?[a] the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Tricep brachii?[a] the RADIAL nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Coracobrachialis?[a] the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Anconeus?[a] the RADIAL nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Pronator Teres?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the Wrist/Hand Extensors?[a] the RADIAL nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Pronator Quadratus?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Digitorum Profundus?[a] the ULNAR nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Pollicis Longus?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?[a] the ULNAR nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the Thenar Eminence?[a] the MEDIAN nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Carpi Ulnaris?[a] the ULNAR nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Digitorum Profundus?[a] the ULNAR nerve
[q]
The Scalenes may entrap which plexus?[a] BRACHIAL PLEXUS
[q]
Pectorais Minor may entrap which plexus?[a] BRACHIAL PLEXUS
[q]
The carpal tunnel may entrap which nerve?[a] MEDIAN nerve
[/qdeck]
Lower Extremity Nerves
[qdeck]
[q]
The Lumbar Plexus is formed from which spinal nerves?[a] SN’s L1-L4
[q]
The Sacral Plexus is formed from which spinal nerves?[a] SN’s L4-S3
[q]
Which nerve innervates Quadriceps?[a] the FEMORAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Adductor Longus?[a] the OBTURATOR NERVE
[q]
Which nerve innervates Illiopsoas?[a] the FEMORAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Adductor Magnus?[a] the OBTURATOR NERVE
[q]
Which nerve innervates pectineus?[a] the FEMORAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Adductor Brevis?[a] the OBTURATOR NERVE
[q]
Which nerve innervates Sartorius?[a] the FEMORAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Obturator Externus?[a] the OBTURATOR NERVE
[q]
Which nerve innervates the Oblique Abdominals?[a] the ILLIOHYPOGASTRIC and ILLIOINGUINAL Nerves
[q]
Which nerve innervates Gluteus Medius?[a] the SUPERIOR GLUTEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Gluteus Maximus?[a] the INFERIOR GLUTEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Gluteus Minimus?[a] the SUPERIOR GLUTEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the Hamstrings?[a] the SCIATIC Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Tensor Fascia Latae/TFL?[a] the SUPERIOR GLUTEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Gastrocnemius?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Tibialis Anterior?[a] the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Popliteus?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Peroneus Longus?[a] the SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Plantaris?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Peroneus Tertius?[a] the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Soleus?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Peroneus Brevis?[a] the SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Digitorum Longus?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Extensor Digitorum Longus?[a] the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Flexor Hallucis Longus?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Extensor Hallucis Longus?[a] the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates Tibialis Posterior?[a] the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Piriformis can impinge which nerve?[a]The sciatic nerve
[q]
Disks of L4 and L5 can impinge which nerve?[a]The roots of the sciatic nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the anterior thigh?[a] the FEMORAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the medial thigh?[a]the OBTURATOR NERVE
[q]
Which nerves innervate the abdominal wall?[a] the ILLIOHYPOGASTRIC and ILLIOINGUINAL Nerves
[q]
Which nerve innervates the gluteal muscles?[a] the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR GLUTEAL Nerves
[q]
Which nerve innervates the Hamstrings and the whole leg?[a] SCIATIC Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the posterior leg?[a]the TIBIAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the anterior leg?[a]the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Which nerve innervates the lateral leg?[a] the SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL Nerve
[q]
Piriformis can impinge which nerve?[a]The sciatic nerve
[/qdeck]
Lower Extremity Nerves reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which structure is formed and innervated by SN’s L1-L4[a]The Lumbar Plexus
[q]
Which structure is formed and innervated by SN’s L4-S3[a]The Sacral Plexus
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the FEMORAL Nerve[a] Quadriceps, Iliopsoas,Pectineus,Sartorius
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the OBTURATOR NERVE[a] Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Gracillis
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the ILLIOHYPOGASTRIC and ILLIOINGUINAL Nerves[a] Internal and External Abdominal Obliques and Transverse Abdominis
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the SUPERIOR GLUTEAL Nerve[a] Gluteus Medius, Minimus, and Tensor Fascia Latae/TFL
[q]
Which muscle is innervated by the INFERIOR GLUTEAL Nerve[a] Gluteus Maximus
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the SCIATIC Nerve[a] the Hamstrings and all the muscles of the leg
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the TIBIAL Nerve[a] Gastrocnemius,Soleus,Popliteus,Plantaris, Flexor Digitorum Longus, Flexor Hallucis Longus, Tibialis Posterior (Girl scouts pop pills for first time.)
[q]
Which muscles are innervated by the SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL Nerve[a] Peroneus Longus and Brevis
[q]
Which muscle is innervated by the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve[a]Peroneus Tertius, Extensor Digitorum Longus,Extensor Hallucis Longus, Tibialis Posterior
[q]
The sciatic nerve can be impinged by which muscle[a]Piriformis
[q]
The roots of the sciatic nerve can be impinged by which spinal feature[a]Disks of L4 and L5
[q]
Which part of the body is innervated by the FEMORAL Nerve[a] the anterior thigh
[q]
Which part of the body is innervated by the OBTURATOR NERVE[a] the medial thigh
[q]
Which part of the body is innervated by the ILLIOHYPOGASTRIC and ILLIOINGUINAL Nerves[a]the abdominal wall
[q]
Which part of the body is innervated by the TIBIAL Nerve[a] the posterior leg compartment
[q]
Which part of the body is innervated by the DEEP PERONEAL Nerve[a] the anterior leg compartment
[q]
Which part of the body is innervated by the SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL Nerve[a] the lateral leg compartment
[q]
The sciatic nerve can be impinged by which muscle[a]Piriformis
Cervical Enlargement – define[a]the thickened part of cord where nerves for upper extremities attach
[q]
Lumbar Enlargement – define[a] the thickened part of cord where nerves for lower extremities attach
[q]
Conus Medullaris – define[a] the inferior border of cord proper around L2
[q]
Spinal Segments – define[a] the sections of the cord that give rise to a pair of spinal nerves
[q]
Dermatome – define[a] an area of skin innervated by a specific segment
[q]
Myotome – define[a] an area of muscles innervated by a specific segment
[q]
Scleratome – define[a] an area of connective tissue innervated by a specific segment
[q]
MENINGES – define[a] the PROTECTIVE COVERINGS OF CORD
[q]
Pia Mater – define[a] the innermost layer of meninges that adheres directly to cord
[q]
Filum Terminale – define[a] the string like continuation of Pia mater that anchors cord to sacrum
[q]
Arachnoid Mater – define[a] the middle layer of meninges
[q]
Sub Arachnoid Space – define[a] the space between Arachnoid mater and Pia mater filled with Cerebrospinal fluid for extra cushioning and protection
[q]
Dura Mater – define[a] the outer most layer of meninges which travels down to sacrum
[q]
Subdural space – define[a] the space between Dura mater and Arachnoid mater
[q]
Epidural space – define[a] the space outside Dura mater between it, the vertebrae and skull
[q]
Central Canal – define[a] the hole in the center of cord lined with ependymal cells and filled with Cerebrospinal fluid.
[q]
Posterior Grey Horn – function[a] the area where 1st order neurons synapse with second order sensory neurons
[q]
Anterior Grey Horn – function[a] the area where CNS motor neurons synapse with soma of lower motor neurons
[q]
Lateral Grey Horn – structure[a] the area composed of somas of autonomic preganglionic neurons
[q]
Dorsal Root Ganglion – define[a] the bump on dorsal root that contains cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons
[q]
Columns/Funiculi – define[a] the Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral areas of white matter in the cord
[q]
Tracts/Fasiculi – define[a] smaller bundles of white matter within the columns of the cord which carry impulses up and down cord
[/qdeck]
Spinal Cord deck 1 reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which part of the CNS is located in the vertebral canal?[a]SPINAL CORD
[q]
Which term describes the thickened part of cord where nerves for upper extremities attach?[a]Cervical Enlargement
[q]
Which term describes the thickened part of cord where nerves for lower extremities attach?[a]Lumbar Enlargement
[q]
Which term describes the inferior border of cord proper around L2?[a]Conus Medullaris
[q]
Which term describes the sections of the cord that give rise to a pair of spinal nerves?[a]Spinal Segments
[q]
Which term describes an area of skin innervated by a specific segment?[a]Dermatome
[q]
Which term describes an area of muscles innervated by a specific segment?[a]Myotome
[q]
Which term describes an area of connective tissue innervated by a specific segment?[a]Scleratome
[q]
Which term describes the PROTECTIVE COVERINGS OF CORD?[a]MENINGES
[q]
Which term describes the innermost layer of meninges that adheres directly to cord?[a]Pia Mater
[q]
Which term describes the string like continuation of Pia mater that anchors cord to sacrum?[a]Filum Terminale
[q]
Which term describes the middle layer of meninges?[a]Arachnoid Membrane
[q]
Which term describes the space between Arachnoid mater and Pia mater filled with Cerebrospinal fluid for extra cushioning and protection?[a]Sub Arachnoid Space
[q]
Which term describes the outer most layer of meninges?[a]Dura Mater
[q]
Which term describes the space between Dura mater and Arachnoid mater?[a]Subdural space
[q]
Which term describes the space between the Dura mater and the bone surrounding it?[a]Epidural space
[q]
Which term describes the hole in the center of cord lined with ependymal cells and filled with Cerebrospinal fluid?[a]Central Canal
[q]
In which area od a spinal segment do 1st order neurons synapse with second order sensory neurons?[a]Posterior Grey Horn
[q]
In which area od a spinal segment do CNS motor neurons synapse with soma of lower motor neurons?[a]Anterior Grey Horn
[q]
In which area of a spinal segment do you find autonomic preganglionic neurons?[a]Lateral Grey Horn
[q]
Which term describes the bump on dorsal root that contains cell bodies of unipolar sensory neurons?[a]Dorsal Root Ganglion
[q]
Which term describes the Posterior, Anterior, and Lateral areas of white matter in the cord?[a]Columns/Funiculi
[q]
Which term describes smaller bundles of white matter within the columns of the cord which carry impulses up and down cord?[a]Tracts/Fasiculi
[/qdeck]
Spinal Cord deck 2
[qdeck]
[q]
Long tracts – function[a]These tracts connect brain to cord or cord to brain
[q]
Short tracts/propriospinal tracts – function[a]These tracts connect different segments of the cord to coordinate movements and reflexes
[q]
Ascending tracts – function[a]These tracts are sensory tracts and carry info up to the brain
[q]
Descending tracts – function[a]These tracts are motor tracts that carry info down from the brain
[q]
Dorsal Root – structure[a]This root contains the PNS sensory neurons that end up in Posterior gray horn of spinal cord
[q]
Ventral Root – structure[a]Thise root contains motor neurons that begin in the Anterior and Lateral gray horns
[q]
Spinal Nerve – structure[a]These mixed nerves are formed where roots merge and exit the vertebral column through intervertebral foramina
[q]
Rami – define[a]This term describes the branches of the spinal nerves located outside the vertebral column
[q]
Posterior Ramus – structure[a]This branch of spinal nerve contains neurons that innervate the skin and muscles in a small strip just lateral to vertebral column
[q]
Anterior Ramus – structure[a]This branch of the spinal nerve contains the neurons that innervate the trunk and limbs except for the paraspinal muscles
[q]
Rami Communicans – structure[a]This branches of the spinal nerve attach the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerves
[q]
White rami communicans – structure[a] These branches of the Anterior Ramus contain sympathetic preganglionic neurons
[q]
Grey rami communicans – structure[a]This branch of the spinal nerve contains sympathetic postganglionic neurons
[q]
1st order neuron – pathway[a]These neurons travels from the receptor into the Posterior Gray Horn and synapses with 2nd order neuron
[q]
2nd order neuron – pathway[a]These neurons originate in the Posterior Gray Horn and travel in a tract up to the thalamus.
[q]
3rd order neuron – pathway[a]This neuron goes from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex Has precise localization of sensation and conscious awareness.
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Spinothalamic tracts?[a] touch
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Posterior/Anterior Spinocerebellar Pathways?[a] proprioception
[q]
Upper motor neuron – pathway[a]This neuron begins in the brain, travels down a tract, ends in the Anterior Gray Horn and synapses with the lower motor neuron.
[q]
Lower motor neuron – pathway[a]This neuron begins in the Anterior Gray Horn, travels out through the ventral root into the spinal nerve and on to the effector
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Pyramidal/Corticospinal Tracts?[a] Signals from cerebral cortex to Anterior Gray Horn for voluntary control of skeletal muscle
[q]
What kind of information travels along the Extrapyramidal tract?[a]Commands for involuntary control of skeletal muscle
[q]
What causes flaccid paralysis?[a] lower motor neuron damage
[q]
What causes spastic paralysis?[a] upper motor neuron damage
[q]
AUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEM- PATHWAY[a] Preganglionic neurons go from lateral gray horn/cranial nerve nuclei to an autonomic ganglion. Then Postganlionic neurons go from ANS ganglion to the effector organ.
[q]
INTERNUNCIAL POOL – define[a]A group of nearby neurons in the spinal cord which can all be facilitated by a strong enough stimulus.
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the CERVICAL Plexus?[a]spinal nerves C1 to C4/C5
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the BRACHIAL Plexus?[a] C5 to T1
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the LUMBAR Plexus?[a] L1 to L4
[q]
Which spinal nerves form the SACRAL Plexus?[a] L4 or L5 to S3
[/qdeck]
Spinal Cord Deck 2 reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which type of tracts connect brain to cord or cord to brain?[a]Long tracts
[q]
Which type of tracts connect different segments of the cord to coordinate movements and reflexes?[a]Short tracts/propriospinal tracts
[q]
Which type of tracts are sensory tracts and carry info up to the brain?[a]Ascending tracts
[q]
Which type of tracts are motor tracts that carry info down from the brain?[a]Descending tracts
[q]
Which type of root contains the PNS sensory neurons that end up in Posterior gray horn of spinal cord?[a]Dorsal Root
[q]
Which type of root contains motor neurons that begin in the Anterior and Lateral gray horns?[a]Ventral Root
[q]
Which type of mixed nerve is formed where roots merge and exits vertebral column through intervertebral foramina?[a]Spinal Nerve
[q]
Which term describes the branches of the spinal nerves located outside the vertebral column?[a]Rami
[q]
Which branch of spinal nerve contains neurons that innervate the skin and muscles in a small strip just lateral to vertebral column?[a]Posterior Ramus
[q]
Which branch of the spinal nerve contains the neurons that innervate the trunk and limbs except for the paraspinal muscles?[a]Anterior Ramus
[q]
Which branches of the spinal nerve attach the sympathetic chain ganglia to the spinal nerves?[a]Rami Communicans
[q]
Which branches of the Anterior Ramus contain sympathetic preganglionic neurons?[a]White rami communicans
[q]
Which branch of the spinal nerve contains sympathetic postganglionic neurons?[a]Grey rami communicans
[q]
Which type of neuron originates in the Posterior Gray Horn and travels in a tract up to the thalamus?[a]2nd order neuron
[q]
Which type of neuron goes from the thalamus to the cerebral cortex?[a] 3rd order neuron
[q]
Which tracts transmits touch?[a]What kind of information travels along the Spinothalamic tracts?
[q]
Which tracty transmits proprioceptive info to the cerebellum for coordination of movement?[a]Spinocerebellar tract
[q]
Which type of neuron begins in the brain, travels down a tract, ends in the Anterior Gray Horn and synapses with the lower motor neuron?[a]Upper motor neuron
[q]
Which type of neuron begins in the Anterior Gray Horn, travels out through the ventral root into the spinal nerve and on to the effector?[a]Lower motor neuron
[q]
Which tracts carry signals from cerebral cortex to Anterior Gray Horn for voluntary control of skeletal muscle?[a] Pyramidal/Corticospinal Tracts
[q]
Which tract is composed of axons of neurons which travel down to the Anterior Gray Horn for involuntary control of skeletal muscle?[a] Extrapyramidal tract
[q]
Which type of condition occurs due to lower motor neuron damage?[a] flaccid paralysis?
[q]
Which type of condition occurs due to upper motor neuron damage?[a] spastic paralysis?
[q]
In which pathway do preganglionic neurons go from lateral gray horn/cranial nerve nuclei to an autonomic ganglion and postganlionic neurons go from autonomic ganglion to the effector organ?[a]AUTONOMIC MOTOR
[q]
Which structure is formed by a group of nearby neurons in the spinal cord which can be activated by a strong stimulus?[a]INTERNUNCIAL POOL
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves C1 to C4/C5?[a]the CERVICAL Plexus?
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves C5 to T1?[a] the BRACHIAL Plexus?
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves L1 to L4?[a] the LUMBAR Plexus?
[q]
Which plexus is formed by spinal nerves L4 or L5 to S3?[a]the SACRAL Plexus?
[q]
Which type of neuron travels from the receptor into the Posterior Gray Horn and synapses with 2nd order neuron?[a]1st order neuron
Special Senses – list[a]vision (sight), audition (sound), olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), and equilibrium (balance).
[q]
Motor Neuron – function[a] These neurons innervate effectors.
[q]
Somatic Motor Neuron – function[a] These neurons innervate skeletal muscle cells.
[q]
Autonomic Motor Neuron – function[a]These neurons innervate cardiac, smooth muscle and glands.
[q]
Sympathetic/Thoracolumbar Division – function[a]These autonomic neurons emerge from the thoracic or lumbar segments of the spinal cord and function in “Fight or Flight” response.
[q]
Parasympathetic/Craniosacral Division – function[a] These neurons emerge from the brain/cranium and sacral part of the spinal cord and function in Rest and Digest response.
[q]
RECEPTOR – function[a] detects change in the environment and convertand converts it to a stimulus.
[q]
EFFECTOR – function[a] This structure/organ performs tasks.
[q]
INNERVATE – define[a]activate.
[q]
NEURON aka[a] NERVE FIBER/CELL.
[q]
NERVE – structure[a] This structure in the PNS is made of the bundles of axons with no neuron bodies.
[q]
MIXED NERVE – function[a] This nerve has sensory and motor capabilities.
[q]
PROPRIOCEPTION – define[a]This function includes awareness of position and motion of all body parts in space.
[q]
INTEGRATION – define[a]This process allows sensory neurons to communicate with motor neurons. (only present in the CNS.)
[q]
Glial Cells/Neuroglia – function[a]This type of cells support and protect the neurons.
[q]
Schwann Cells/Neurolemmocytes – function[a]These cells insulate neurons with a fatty substance called myelin This allows impulses to travel quickly along the neurons and helps PNS neurons regenerate processes with the neurilemma.
[q]
Satellite Cells – function[a]This type of cells help support neurons in the ganglia of the PNS.
[q]
Which glial cells are found in the PNS?[a] The Schwann Cells and Satellite cells.
[q]
These glial cells are found in the CNS.[a]Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells, Microglia.
[q]
Astrocytes – function[a] These cells create the blood brain barrier.
[q]
Oligodendrocytes – function[a]These cells create the myelin sheath for the CNS but no neurilemma.
[q]
Ependymal cells – function[a]This type of ciliated epithelial cells line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord and help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
[q]
Microglia – function[a]This type of special white blood cells in the CNS eat debris, pathogens (disease causing organisms) and dead cells.
[/qdeck]
Neurology Intro reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which type of cells support and protect the neurons?[a]Glial Cells/Neuroglia
[q]
Which process allows sensory neurons to communicate with motor neurons? (only present in the CNS)?[a]INTEGRATION
[q]
Which type of cells insulate neurons with a fatty substance called myelin which allows impulses to travel quickly along the neurons and helps PNS neurons regenerate processes with the neurilemma?[a]Schwann Cells/Neurolemmocytes
[q]
Which type of cells help support neurons in the ganglia of the PNS?[a]Satellite Cells
[q]
Where are the Schwann Cells and Satellite cells found?[a] PNS
[q]
Where are the Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Ependymal cells, Microglia found?[a] CNS
[q]
Which type of cells create the blood brain barrier?[a]Astrocytes
[q]
Which type of ciliated epithelial cells line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord and help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid?[a]Ependymal cells
[q]
Which type of cells create the myelin sheath for the CNS but no neurilemma?[a]Oligodendrocytes
[q]
Which type of special white blood cells in the CNS eat debris, pathogens (disease causing organisms) and dead cells?[a]Microglia
[q]
The state of the body’s dynamic equilibrium in its internal environment is described as?[a]HOMEOSTASIS
[q]
What does the fluid that bathes the cells of the body compose?[a]Internal Environment
[q]
Which type of response cancels a stimulus?[a]Negative Feedback Mechanism
[q]
Which type of response enhances a stimulus?[a]Positive Feedback Mechanism
[q]
Which system is composed of the brain and spinal cord?[a]Central Nervous System
[q]
Which type of senses include touch, temperature, pressure, pain, stretch, chemical, & proprioceptors?[a] General senses
[q]
Peripheral Nervous Systemis composed of [a] 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves
[q]
Which type of senses include vision (sight), audition (sound), olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), and equilibrium (balance)?[a]Special Senses
[q]
What type of neurons innervate effectors?[a]Motor Neuron
[q]
Which type of neurons innervate skeletal muscle cells?[a]Somatic Motor Neuron
[q]
Which type of neurons innervate cardiac, smooth muscle and glands?[a]Autonomic Motor Neuron
[q]
In which part of the nervous system do the neurons emerge from the brain/cranium and sacral part of the spinal cord and function in Rest and Digest response?[a]Parasympathetic/Craniosacral Division
[q]
Which nervous system structure detects change in the environment?[a]RECEPTOR
[q]
Which structure/organ is innervated by the NS to performs tasks?[a]EFFECTOR
[q]
Which term means “activate”?[a]INNERVATE
[q]
Which term means NERVE FIBER/CELL?[a]NEURON
[q]
Which structure in the PNS is made of the bundles of axons with no neuron bodies?[a]NERVE
[q]
Which type of nerve has sensory and motor capabilities?[a]MIXED NERVE
[q]
Which sensen includes awareness of position and motion of all body parts in space?[a]PROPRIOCEPTION
[/qdeck]
Nerve impulse transmission
[qdeck]
[q]
Dendrites – function[a]These neural processes carry impulses toward the soma.
[q]
Soma – define[a]This term describes a neuron cell body.
[q]
Axon Hillock – define[a]This term describes the small raised area that connects soma to axon and acts as the trigger zone for most neurons.
[q]
Axon – define[a]This term describes the long single process that comes off the soma and carries the impulse away.
[q]
Axon Collateral – define[a]This term describes the branches of the main axon that carry the impulse to different places. (e.g. other muscle cells in a motor unit).
[q]
Telodendria – define[a]This term describes the small extensions at the end of the axon.
[q]
Synaptic End Bulb – define[a]This term describes the enlarged areas at the end of the telodendria.
[q]
Synaptic Vesicles – define[a]This term describes the storage areas in the synaptic end bulbs that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters.
[q]
Nodes of Ranvier – define[a]This term describes the spaces between the myelin on the neurons’ processes.
[q]
Na+/K+ Pumps – define[a]This term describes the special protein pumps embedded all along the neurons membrane that pump Na+ (sodium) and K+ (potassium) ions through the neuron membrane.
[q]
Gated Channels – define[a]This term describes the holes in the membrane of the neuron which allow ions to move in or out of the neuron passively when the gates are open.
[q]
What is the resting potential voltage?[a] -70 mV .
[q]
Stimulus – define[a]This term describes a change in the environment that allows gated channels in one section of the neuron to open.
[q]
Threshold – define[a]This term describes the level of depolarization that must be reached for the neuron to fire an impulse. (Approximately –55mv)
[q]
All or Nothing Law – define[a]This law states that when the axon hillock reaches threshold the neuron will send an impulse down the axon at constant and maximum strength.
[q]
Repolarization – define[a]This term describes when a section of a neuron goes from +30 mV back to -70 mV.
[q]
Depolarization – define[a]This term describes when Na+ enters a section of the neuron and the charge inside moves from –70mv toward 0mV on the way to +30 mV.
[q]
Continuous Conduction – define[a]This type of relatively slow conduction causes each adjacent segment to depolarize in sequence along the length of the neuron and occurs on unmyelinated neurons.
[q]
Saltatory Conduction – define[a]This type of conduction is the fastest and causes the impulse to jump from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier along myelinated neurons.
[q]
Type A neurons – define[a]This type of neurons are the fastest – thick and myelinated. They convey the general and special senses and somatic motor function.
[q]
Type B neurons – define[a]This type of neurons are of medium speed – thin and myelinated.They are the first PNS neurons in the ANS pathway (preganglionic neuron) between CNS and autonomic ganglions.
[q]
Type C neurons – define[a]This type of neurons are slowest – thin and unmyelinated. They include the visceral sensory neurons, chronic pain neurons, and second ANS neuron in the pathway (postganglionic neuron) between the ganglia and the effector.
[q]
Multipolar neurons – location[a]PNS as autonomic and somatic motor neuronsand the entire CNS.
[q]
Bipolar neurons location[a]Optic and Olfactory nerves
[q]
Unipolar/Pseudounipolar – define[a]These neurons have the dendrite and axon connected directly to each other with the soma off to the side. (Sensory neurons in the PNS)
[q]
SYNAPSE – define[a]This term describes the junction between two neurons, a neuron and a muscle (neuromuscular junction), or a neuron and a gland (neuroglandular junction).
[q]
Presynaptic neuron – define[a]This type of neuron carries signals to the synapse and releases the neurotransmitter (NT) into synaptic cleft.
[q]
Synaptic cleft – define[a]This term describes the space between the two neurons through which the neurotransmitter must travel.
[q]
Postsynaptic neuron – define[a]This type of neuron receives signals across the synapse.
[q]
Axoaxonic synapse – define[a]Synapse where the axon of presynaptic connect to the axon of postsynaptic neurons.
[q]
Axosomatic synapse – define[a]Synapse where the axon of presynaptic connect to the soma of postsynaptic neurons.
[q]
Axodendritic synapse – define[a]Synapse where the axon of presynaptic connect to the dendrite of postsynaptic neurons.
[q]
Summation – define[a]The adding together of all excitatory and inhibitory signals in trigger zone of the postsynaptic neuron. (postsynaptic neuron can have 1,000s of presynaptic neurons connecting to it)
[q]
Excitatory neurotransmitter – action on gated channels[a]This type of neurotransmitter opens Na+ gates.
[q]
Inhibitory neurotransmitter – action on gated channels[a]This type of neurotransmitter opens K+ gates.
[q]
Facilitated neuron – define[a]This type of neuron has a potential between –70mv and threshold (-55mv) and is more likely to reach threshold and send an impulse.
[q]
Inhibited or hyperpolarized neuron – define[a]This type of neuron has a potential more negative than normal, below –70mv and is less likely to reach threshold and send an impulse.
[q]
What is a ganglia?[a] GREY MATTER IN PNS – clusters of neuron somas.
[q]
What is a nucleus?[a] GREY MATTER IN CNS – clusters of neuron somas.
[q]
What is a tract?[a]This term describes the WHITE MATTER IN CNS – myelinated axons.
[/qdeck]
Nerve impulse transmission reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which neural processes carry impulses toward the soma?[a]Dendrites
[q]
Which term describes a neuron cell body?[a]Soma
[q]
Which term describes the small raised area that connects soma to axon and acts as the trigger zone for most neurons?[a]Axon Hillock
[q]
Which term describes the long single process that comes off the soma and carries the impulse away?[a]Axon
[q]
Which term describes the branches off the main axon that carry the impulse to different places? (e.g. other muscle cells in a motor unit)[a]Axon Collateral
[q]
Which term describes the small extensions at the end of the axon?[a]Telodendria
[q]
Which term describes the enlarged areas at the end of the telodendria?[a]Synaptic End Bulb
[q]
Which term describes the storage areas in the synaptic end bulbs that contain chemicals called neurotransmitters?[a]Synaptic Vesicles
[q]
Which term describes the spaces between the myelin on the neurons’ processes?[a]Nodes of Ranvier
[q]
Which term describes the special protein pumps embedded all along the neurons membrane that pump ions through the neuron membrane?[a]Na+/K+ Pumps
[q]
Which term describes the holes in the membrane of the neuron which allow ions to move in or out of the neuron passively when the gates are open?[a]Gated Channels
[q]
Why is -70 mV an important number?[a] It is the resting potential voltage
[q]
Which term describes a change in the environment that causess gated channels in one section of the neuron to open?[a]Stimulus
[q]
Which term describes the level of depolarization that must be reached for the neuron to fire an impulse? (Approximately –55mv)[a]Threshold
[q]
Which law states that when the axon hillock reaches threshold the neuron will send an impulse at constant and maximum strength?[a]All or None principle
[q]
Which term describes when a section of a neuron goes from +30 mV back to -70 mV?[a]Repolarization
[q]
Which term describes when Na+ enters a section of the neuron and the charge inside moves from –70mv toward 0mV on the way to +30 mV?[a]Depolarization
[q]
Which slow type conduction causes each adjacent segment to depolarize in sequence along the length of the neuron and occurs on unmyelinated neurons?[a]Continuous Conduction
[q]
Which type of conduction is the fastest and causes the impulse to jump from Node of Ranvier to Node of Ranvier along myelinated neurons?[a]Saltatory Conduction
[q]
In what direction does an impulse travel along a neuron?[a]from Dendrite to Soma to Axon
[q]
Which type of neurons are fastest – thick, myelinated, and innervate the general and special senses and somatic motor neurons?[a]Type A neurons
[q]
Which type of neurons are medium speed – thin, myelinated, and are the first PNS neurons in the Autonomic motor pathway (preganglionic neuron)[a]Type B neurons
[q]
Which type of neurons are slowest, – thin, unmyelinated and include the visceral sensory neurons, chronic pain neurons and ANS postganglionic neurons[a]Type C neurons
[q]
What are the factors that effect the speed of impulse transmission?[a]Myelination, Diameter, and Temperature of a neuron
[q]
Which neurons make up the entire CNS and the somatic motor PNS[a]Multipolar neurons
[q]
Which neurons are found only in the Olfactory and Optic nerves?[a]Bipolar neurons
[q]
Which neurons have the dendrite and axon connected directly to each other with the soma off to the side? (Sensory neurons in the PNS)[a]Unipolar/Pseudounipolar
[q]
Which term describes the junction between two neurons, a neuron and a muscle (neuromuscular junction), or a neuron and a gland (neuroglandular junction)?[a]SYNAPSE
[q]
Which type of neuron carries signals to the synapse and releases the neurotransmitter (NT) into synaptic cleft?[a]Presynaptic neuron
[q]
Which term describes the space between the two neurons through which the neurotransmitter must travel?[a]Synaptic cleft
[q]
Which type of neuron receives signals across the synapse?[a]Postsynaptic neuron
[q]
In which type of synapse does the axon of presynaptic connect to the axon of postsynaptic neurons?[a]Axoaxonic synapse
[q]
In which type of synapse does the axon of presynaptic connect to the soma of postsynaptic neurons?[a]Axosomatic synapse
[q]
In which type of synapse does the axon of presynaptic connect to the dendrite of postsynaptic neurons?[a]Axodendritic synapse
[q]
Which term describes the adding together of all excitatory and inhibitory signals in trigger zone of a neuron?[a] summation
[q]
Which type of neurotransmitter opens Na+ gates?[a]Excitatory neurotransmitter
[q]
Which type of neurotransmitter opens K+ gates?[a]Inhibitory neurotransmitter
[q]
Which type of neuron has a potential between –70mv and threshold (-55mv) and is more likely to reach threshold and send an impulse?[a]Facilitated neuron
[q]
Which type of neuron has a potential more negative than normal, (below –70mv) and is less likely to reach threshold and send an impulse?[a]Inhibited or hyperpolarized neuron
[q]
Which term describes the GREY MATTER IN PNS?[a]Ganglia
[q]
Which term describes the GREY MATTER IN CNS?[a]Nucleus
[q]
Which term describes the WHITE MATTER IN CNS?[a]Tract
Lymphatic system – functions[a]This system removes excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins leaked from capillaries into tissue space, filter/clean lymph, maintains lymphocytes and absorbs fats.
[q]
Lymphatic system structure[a]This system is composed of lymph capillaries, lacteals, lymphatic vessels, trunks and ducts.
[q]
Lymphahtic system – location[a]This system is found in all vascular tissue except bones, teeth, bone marrow and CNS.
[q]
Lacteals – define[a]This term describes the type of capillaries in the small intestine.
[q]
Lymph capillary – structure[a]This structure is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells that overlap slightly, forming minivalves.
[q]
What is the effect of hydrostatic blood pressure on the plasma in the capillaries?[a]This force moves blood plasma out of capillaries into interstitial spaces.
[q]
What is the effect of osmotic pressure on the interstitial fluid?[a]This force draws interstitial fluid into capillaries from interstitial spaces.
[q]
Lymph vessel – structure[a]This structure is composed of the same 3 tunics as veins but the walls are thinner and have more valves.
[q]
Right lymph duct – function[a]This structure drains lymph from right arm, right side of head, right thorax into the right subclavian vein.
[q]
Thoracic duct – function[a]This structure drains lymph from lower extremities, left side thorax, left upper extremity, left side of head into the left subclavian vein.
[q]
Cisterna chyli – function[a]This sac-like structure drains lymph from lower extremities and intestinal trunk into the thoracic duct.
[q]
Cisterna chyli – location[a]This sac-like structure is level with L1, L2.
[q]
How long does it take for the body to produce 3 liters of lymph?[a]How much lymph is produced by the body each day.
[q]
What drives lymph circulation?[a]This process is performed by skeletal muscle compression, respiration and smooth muscle vessel contraction.
[q]
Lymph nodes – describe[a]This structures are oval shaped capsules containing lymphocytes and macrophages.
[q]
Afferent lymphatics – direction of flow[a]These vessels allow lymph to flow into lymph nodes.
[q]
Efferent lymphatics – direction of flow[a]This vessels allows lymph to flow out of lymph nodes.
[q]
Diffuse lymphatic tissue – describe[a]This structure is unencapsulated and consists of reticular CT fibers and WBC’s.
[q]
Lymphatic nodules – describe[a]This structures are composed of concentrated oval shaped areas of lymph tissue lacking a capsule.
[q]
Diffuse lymphatic tissue – location[a]This structure is found lining mucous membranes of GI, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts.
[q]
Diffuse lymphatic tissue – function[a]This structure forms a second protective barrier behind the mucous membranes.
[q]
Primary lymph organs – function[a]These organs are the sites of B and T cell production and maturation.
[q]
Primary Lymph Organs – list[a]This type of organ includes the bone marrow and thymus.
[q]
Secondary lymph organs – function[a]These organs are where B cells and T cells live and work.
[q]
Secondary lymph organs – list[a] lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils.
[q]
Spleen – function[a] monitors blood for pathogenic organisms and has macrophages to remove old platelets, erythrocytes and debris from blood.
[q]
Spleen – describe[a] fist sized capsule located in left upper quadrant of abdomen containing blood vessels & efferent lymph vessels.
[q]
Lymphyedema – define[a]This term describes swelling of a limb often due to removal of lymph nodes and vessels.
[q]
Systemic edema – define[a]This term describes an excess of tissue fluid in entire body, often due to high blood pressure, liver failure or blockage of the lymph system.
[/qdeck]
Lymphatic System Reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which term describes an excess of tissue fluid in entire body, often due to high blood pressure, liver failure or blockage of the lymph system?[a]Systemic edema
[q]
Which term describes swelling of a limb often due to removal of lymph nodes and vessels?[a]Lymphyedema
[q]
Which organ is a fist sized capsule located in left upper quadrant of abdomen containing blood vessels & efferent lymph vessels?[a]Spleen
[q]
Which organ monitors blood for pathogenic organisms and has macrophages to remove old platelets, erythrocytes and debris from blood?[a]Spleen
[q]
Which type of organs include lymph nodes, spleen and tonsils?[a]Secondary lymph organs
[q]
Where do you find B cells and T cells?[a]Secondary lymph organs
[q]
Which type of organs include the bone marrow and thymus?[a]Primary Lymph Organs
[q]
Which organs are the sites of B and T cell production and maturation?[a]Primary lymph organs
[q]
Which structure forms a second protective barrier behind the mucous membranes?[a]Diffuse lymphatic tissue
[q]
Which structure is found lining mucous membranes of GI, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts?[a]Diffuse lymphatic tissue
[q]
Which structures are composed of concentrated oval shaped areas of lymph tissue lacking a capsule?[a]Lymphatic nodules
[q]
Which structure is unencapsulated and consists of reticular CT fibers and WBC’s?[a]Diffuse lymphatic tissue
[q]
Which vessels allow lymph to flow out of lymph nodes?[a] Efferent lymphatics
[q]
Which vessels allow lymph to flow into lymph nodes?[a]Afferent lymphatics
[q]
Which structures are oval shaped capsules containing lymphocytes and macrophages?[a]Lymph nodes
[q]
Which process is performed by skeletal muscle compression, respiration and smooth muscle vessel contraction?[a]lymph circulation
[q]
How much lymph is produced by the body each day?[a]3 liters
[q]
Which sac-like structure is level with L1, L2?[a]Cisterna chyli
[q]
Which sac-like structure drains lymph from lower extremities and intestinal trunk into the thoracic duct?[a]Cisterna chyli
[q]
Which structure drains lymph from lower extremities, left side thorax, left upper extremity, left side of head into the left subclavian vein?[a]Thoracic duct
[q]
Which structure drains lymph from right arm, right side of head, right thorax into the right subclavian vein?[a]Right lymph duct
[q]
Which structure is composed of the same 3 tunics as veins but the walls are thinner and have more valves?[a]Lymph vessel
[q]
Which force draws interstitial fluid into capillaries from interstitial spaces?[a]osmotic pressure
[q]
Which force moves blood plasma out of capillaries into interstitial spaces?[a]hydrostatic blood pressure
[q]
Which structure is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells that overlap slightly, forming minivalves?[a]Lymph capillary
[q]
Which term describes the type of capillaries in the small intestine?[a]Lacteals
[q]
Which system is found in all vascular tissue except bones, teeth, bone marrow and CNS?[a]Lymphahtic system
[q]
Which system is composed of lymph capillaries, lacteals, lymphatic vessels, trunks and ducts?[a]Lymphatic system
[q]
Which system removes excess tissue fluid and plasma proteins leaked from capillaries into tissue space, filter/clean lymph, maintains lymphocytes and absorbs fats?[a]Lymphatic system
Arteries & arterioles – function[a]This type of vessel carrys blood away from the heart
[q]
Capillaries – function[a]This type of vessel allow nutrient exchange between blood and surrounding tissues
[q]
Veins & venules – function[a]This type of vessel carrys blood towards the heart
[q]
Vaso Vasorum – define[a]This term describes the networks of small blood vessels in walls of larger blood vessels which bring nutrients to deeper layers in vessel walls
[q]
Elastic/Conducting arteries – describe[a] This type of artery is located closer to heart and has a higher proportion of elastic CT in the tunica media
[q]
Tunica interna – define[a]This layer of vessel is in contact with blood, composed of simple squamous epithelium and continuous with epicardium of heart
[q]
Tunica media – define[a]This layer of vessel is the middle layer and consists of smooth muscle and elastic CT
[q]
Tunica externa – define[a]This layer of vessel is outermost and consists of elastic CT and collagen fibers
[q]
Muscular/Distributing arteries – location[a]This type of arteries are located farther from heart
[q]
Lumen – define[a]This term describes the hollow space through which blood flows
[q]
Arteries – structure[a]This type of vessels have the thickest walls and highest blood pressure
[q]
Veins – structure[a]This type of vessels have the lowest blood pressure and largest lumen
[q]
Capillaries – structure[a]This type of vessels have the thinnest walls
[q]
Venules – structure[a]This type of vessels have no tunica media but do have a tunica interna and externa
[q]
Arterioles – structure[a]This type of vessels have no tunica externa but do have a tunica interna and media
[q]
True capaillaries – structure[a]This type of vessels have only a tunica interna and precapillary sphincters
[q]
Thoroughfare channels – define[a]This type of vessels have no precapillary sphincters and drain into venules
[q]
Metaarteriole – define[a]This type of vessels have no precapillary sphincters and drain into thoroughfare channels
[q]
Fenestrated capaillaries – define[a]This type of vessels are perforated with numerous pores and located where capillary filtration or absorption is required
[q]
Sinusoids – define[a]This type of capillaries have large lumens, irregular shape, many intercellular clefts, large fenestrations, often lined with macrophages
[q]
Sinusoids – location[a]This type of capillaries are located in the liver, bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
[q]
Fenestrated capaillaries – location[a]This type of vessels are located in the kidneys, small intestines, endocrine glands, ciliary processes of eye
[q]
Arteries flow into what?[a]This type of vessels flow into arterioles
[q]
Veins flow into what?[a]This type of vessels flow into the heart
[q]
Capillaries flow into what?[a]This type of vessels flow into venules
[q]
Venules flow into what?[a]This type of vessels flow into veins
[q]
Arterioles flow into what?[a]This type of vessels flow into capillaries
[q]
Varicose veins – define[a]This term describes veins in which valves have failed, leaving them distended and tortuous.
[q]
Veins hold what percentage of blood?[a]Veins hold 65% of the whole blood
[q]
Aneurysm – define[a]This term describes a distention of artery wall
[/qdeck]
Vessel Structure Reversed
[qdeck]
[q]
Which term describes a distention of artery wall?[a]Aneurysm
[q]
Which type of vessels hold 65% of the whole blood?[a]Veins
[q]
Which term describes veins in which valves have failed?[a]Varicose veins
[q]
Which type of vessels flow into capillaries?[a]Arterioles
[q]
Which type of vessels flow into veins?[a]Venules
[q]
Which type of vessels flow into venules?[a]Capillaries
[q]
Which type of vessels flow into the heart?[a]Veins
[q]
Which type of vessels flow into arterioles?[a]Arteries
[q]
Which type of vessels are located in the kidneys, small intestines, endocrine glands, ciliary processes of eye?[a]Fenestrated capaillaries – location
[q]
Which type of capillaries are located in the liver, bone marrow and lymphoid tissue?[a]Sinusoids
[q]
Which type of capillaries have large lumens, irregular shape, many intercellular clefts, large fenestrations, often lined with macrophages?[a]Sinusoids
[q]
Which type of vessels are perforated with numerous pores and located where capillary filtration or absorption is required?[a]Fenestrated capaillaries
[q]
Which type of vessels have no precapillary sphincters and drain into thoroughfare channels?[a]Metaarteriole
[q]
Which type of vessels have no precapillary sphincters and drain into venules?[a]Thoroughfare channels
[q]
Which type of vessels have only a tunica interna and precapillary sphincters?[a]True capaillaries
[q]
Which type of vessels have no tunica externa but do have a tunica interna and media?[a]Arterioles
[q]
Which type of vessels have no tunica media but do have a tunica interna and externa?[a]Venules
[q]
Which type of vessels have the thinnest walls?[a]Capillaries
[q]
Which type of vessels have the lowest blood pressure and largest lumen?[a]Veins
[q]
Which type of vessels have the thickest walls and highest blood pressure?[a]Arteries
[q]
Which term describes the hollow space through which blood flows?[a]Lumen
[q]
Which type arteries are located further from heart?[a]Muscular/Distributing arteries
[q]
Which layer of vessel is outermost and consists of elastic CT and collagen fibers?[a]Tunica externa
[q]
Which layer of vessel is the middle layer and consists of smooth muscle and elastic CT?[a]Tunica media
[q]
Which layer of vessel is in contact with blood, composed of simple squamous epithelium and continuous with epicardium of heart?[a]Tunica interna
[q]
Which type of arteries are located closer to heart and have a higher proportion of elastic CT in the tunica media?[a]Elastic/Conducting arteries
[q]
Which term describes the networks of small blood vessels in walls of larger blood vessels which bring nutrients to deeper layers in vessel walls?[a]Vaso Vasorum
[q]
Which type of vessels carry blood towards the heart?[a]Veins & venules
[q]
Which type of vessels allow nutrient exchange between blood and surrounding tissues?[a]Capillaries
[q]
Which type of vessels carry blood away from the heart?[a]Arteries & arterioles
[/qdeck]
Vessel Routes 1
[qdeck]
[q]
Ascending aorta – carries blood to[a]the arch of the aorta and the coronary arteries
[q]
Arch of the aorta – carries blood to[a]left common carotid artery, the brachiocephalic artery, the left subclavian artery,the descending aorta
