[q]

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (TFL) origin[a]This muscle originates on the ASIS.

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TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE (TFL) insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Lateral condyle of tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle) via iliotibial tract.

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PSOAS MAJOR origin[a]This muscle originates on the Bodies of T12-L5, transverse processes of L1-L5.

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PSOAS MAJOR insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Lesser trochanter/femur.

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ILIACUS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Iliac fossa.

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ILIACUS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Lesser trochanter.

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GLUTEUS MAXIMUS origin[a]This muscle originates on the PSIS, lateral sacrum, superior gluteal line, sacrotuberous ligament.

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GLUTEUS MAXIMUS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the ITB and gluteal tuberosity.

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BICEPS FEMORIS origin[a]This muscle originates on the ischial tuberosity and the linea aspera/femur.

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BICEPS FEMORIS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Head of fibula.

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SEMITENDINOSUS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Ischial tuberosity.

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SEMITENDINOSUS insertion[a]This hamstring inserts on the tibial tuberosity on the anteromedial shaft of the tibia, part of pes anserinus.

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SEMIMEMBRANOSIS origin[a]This hamstring originates on the Ischial tuberosity.

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SEMIMEMBRANOSIS insertion[a]This hamstring inserts on the Posterior aspect of medial condyle/tibia.

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PSOAS MINOR origin[a]This muscle originates on the body of T1.

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PSOAS MINOR insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Pelvic brim at iliopectineal line.

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GLUTEUS MEDIUS origin[a]This muscle originates between superior and middle gluteal lines, lateral ilium.

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GLUTEUS MEDIUS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Greater trochanter.

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GLUTEUS MINIMUS origin[a]This muscle originates between middle and inferior gluteal lines, lateral ilium.

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GLUTEUS MINIMUS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Greater trochanter.

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PIRIFORMIS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Anterior sacrum. (within the pelvic cavity)

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PIRIFORMIS, GEMELLUS SUPERIOR, OBTURATOR INTERNUS, GEMELLUS INFERIOR, OBTURATOR EXTERNUS, QUADRATUS FEMORIS insertion[a]These muscles insert on the Greater trochanter.

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GEMELLUS SUPERIOR origin[a]This muscle originates around ischial spine.

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GEMELLUS INFERIOR origin[a]This muscle originates on the Ischial tuberosity, just inferior to ischial spine.

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OBTURATOR INTERNUS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Internal surface of obturator foramen; comes through lesser sciatic notch.

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OBTURATOR EXTERNUS origin[a]This muscle originates on the External surface of obturator foramen.

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QUADRATUS FEMORIS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Ischial tuberosity, lateral aspect.

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GRACILIS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Body, inferior ramus of the pubis.

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GRACILIS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the tibia, medial to the tibial tuberosity by way of the pes anserinus.

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PECTINEUS origin[a]This muscle originates on the Superior ramus of pubis.

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PECTINEUS insertion[a]This muscle inserts between lesser trochanter and linea aspera. (Pectineal line)

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ADDUCTOR LONGUS origin[a]This adductor originates on the Body of pubis, superior ramus of the pubis.

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ADDUCTOR LONGUS insertion[a]This adductor inserts, along the middle third of the linea aspera.

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ADDUCTOR BREVIS origin[a]This adductor originates on the Body of pubis, inferior ramus of pubis.

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ADDUCTOR BREVIS insertion[a]This adductor inserts along the proximal third of the linea aspera of the femur.

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ADDUCTOR MAGNUS origin[a]This adductor originates on the Inferior ramus of pubis, ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity.

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ADDUCTOR MAGNUS insertion[a]This adductor inserts on the entire length of linea aspera/femur.

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Origin RECTUS FEMORIS[a]This muscle originates on the Anterior Inferior iliac spine.

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Insertion RECTUS FEMORIS[a]This muscle inserts on the Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament.

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Origin VASTUS MEDIALIS[a]This muscle originates on the Linea aspera/femur, medial lip.

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Insertion VASTUS MEDIALIS[a]This muscle inserts on the Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament.

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Origin VASTUS LATERALIS[a]This muscle originates on the Linea aspera to a point just below the greater trochanter.

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Insertion VASTUS LATERALIS[a]This muscle inserts on the Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament.

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Origin VASTUS INTERMEDIUS[a]This muscle originates on the Anterior surface of femur.

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Insertion VASTUS INTERMEDIUS[a]This muscle inserts on the Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament.

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SARTORIUS origin[a]This very long muscle originates on the ASIS. (Longest in the body)

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SARTORIUS insertion[a]This muscle inserts on the Pes Anserine. (Medial to the tibial tuberosity, on anteromedial shaft of tibia)

[/qdeck]

Hip and thigh Origins and Insertions reversed [qdeck]

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Which muscles insert on the Pes Anserine? Medial to the tibial tuberosity, on anteromedial shaft of tibia) [a]SARTORIUS, GRACILLIS, SEMITENDINOSUS (remember Silly Goose Toes)

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Which muscles originate on the ASIS? [a]SARTORIUS, TENSOR FASCIA LATAE

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Which muscles inserts on the Tibial tuberosity via patella and patellar ligament?[a] Quadriceps Femoris

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Which muscle originates on the Anterior surface of femur?[a] VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

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Which quadricep originates on the Linea aspera to a point just below the greater trochanter?[a] VASTUS LATERALIS

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Which quadricep originates on the Linea aspera/femur, medial lip?[a] VASTUS MEDIALIS

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Which muscle originates on the Anterior Inferior iliac spine?[a] RECTUS FEMORIS

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Which adductor inserts on the entire length of linea aspera/femur?[a]ADDUCTOR MAGNUS insertion

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Which adductor originates on the Inferior ramus of pubis, ischial ramus and ischial tuberosity?[a]ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

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Which adductor inserts along the proximal third of the linea aspera of the femur?[a]ADDUCTOR BREVIS insertion

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Which adductor originates on the Body of pubis, inferior ramus of pubis?[a]ADDUCTOR BREVIS origin

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Which adductor inserts, along the middle third of the linea aspera?[a]ADDUCTOR LONGUS insertion

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Which adductor originates on the Body of pubis, superior ramus of the pubis?[a]ADDUCTOR LONGUS origin

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Which muscle inserts between lesser trochanter and linea aspera?[a]PECTINEUS

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Which muscle originates on the Superior ramus of pubis?[a]PECTINEUS

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Which muscle originates on the Body, inferior ramus of the pubis?[a]GRACILIS

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Which muscles originate on the Ischial tuberosity?[a]QUADRATUS FEMORIS,GEMELLUS INFERIOR, HAMSTRINGS

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Which muscle originates on the External surface of obturator foramen?[a]OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

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Which muscle originates on the Internal surface of obturator foramen; comes through lesser sciatic notch?[a]OBTURATOR INTERNUS

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Which muscle originates around ischial spine?[a]GEMELLUS SUPERIOR origin

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Which muscles insert on the Greater trochanter?[a]PIRIFORMIS, GEMELLUS SUPERIOR, OBTURATOR INTERNUS, GEMELLUS INFERIOR, OBTURATOR EXTERNUS, QUADRATUS FEMORIS,GLUTEUS MEDIUS AND MINIMUS

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Which muscle originates on the Anterior sacrum? (within the pelvic cavity)[a]PIRIFORMIS

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Which muscle originates between middle and inferior gluteal lines, lateral ilium?[a]GLUTEUS MINIMUS

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Which muscle originates between superior and middle gluteal lines, lateral ilium?[a]GLUTEUS MEDIUS

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Which muscle inserts on the Pelvic brim at iliopectineal line?[a]PSOAS MINOR

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Which muscle originates on the body of T1?[a]PSOAS MINOR

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Which hamstring inserts on the Posterior aspect of medial condyle/tibia?[a]SEMIMEMBRANOSIS insertion

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Which muscle inserts on the Head of fibula?[a]BICEPS FEMORIS insertion

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Which muscle originates on the ischial tuberosity and the linea aspera/femur?[a]BICEPS FEMORIS origin

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Which muscle inserts on the ITB and gluteal tuberosity?[a]GLUTEUS MAXIMUS insertion

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Which muscle originates on the PSIS, lateral sacrum, superior gluteal line, sacrotuberous ligament?[a]GLUTEUS MAXIMUS origin

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Which muscles inserts on the Lesser trochanter?[a]ILIACUS,PSOAS MAJOR

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Which muscle originates on the Iliac fossa?[a]ILIACUS origin

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Which muscle originates on the Bodies of T12-L5, transverse processes of L1-L5?[a]PSOAS MAJOR origin

[/qdeck]

Hip and thigh actions [qdeck]

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Sartorious – actions[a]This muscle does the following actions: Hip: flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion, medial rotation

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Rectus Femoris – actions[a]This muscle does the following actions: Hip flexion and Knee extension

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Tensor Fascia Latae – actions[a]This muscle does the following actions: Hip: flexion, medial rotation, weak abduction. Knee: stabilizes the knee in ambulation, assists with knee extension.

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Psoas Major – actions[a]This muscle does the following actions: Hip: flexion, lateral rotation femur. Spine:Extension

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Psoas Minor – actions[a]This muscle does the following actions: Maintains lumbar curve. Acts as a postural stabilizer.

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Iliacus – actions[a]This muscle will flex and laterally rotate the femur.

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Gluteus Maximus – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions at the hip: abduction by Superior fibers, adduction by Inferior fibers, extension, hyperextension and lateral rotation.

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Gluteus Medius – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions:Anterior fibers: abduction, flexion, medial rotation of femur. Middle fibers: abduction of femur.Posterior fibers : extension, medial rotation, hyperextension of femur

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Gluteus Minimus – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions: abduction, flexion and medial rotation of the femur

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BICEPS FEMORIS – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions: Hip: extension, lateral rotation of thigh. Knee: flexion, lateral rotation of leg with knee flexed.

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SEMITENDINOSUS – actions[a]Hip: extension, medial rotation.Knee: flexion, medial rotation with the knee flexed.

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SEMIMEMBRANOSUS – actions[a] Hip: extension, medial rotation. Knee: flexion, medial rotation with the knee flexed.

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PIRIFORMIS – actions[a] lateral rotation, abduction of the femur.

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GEMELLUS SUPERIOR, OBTURATOR INTERNUS, GEMELLUS INFERIOR, OBTURATOR EXTERNUS – common action[a] lateral rotation of the femur. (Hint GOGO)

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QUADRATUS FEMORIS – actions[a] lateral rotation and adduction of the femur.

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GRACILIS – actions[a] Hip: adduction, flexion with knee extended. Knee: flexion, medial rotation of leg.

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PECTINEUS – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions: adduction, flexion and lateral rotation of femur.

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ADDUCTOR LONGUS – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions: adduction, flexion, lateral rotation of femur.

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ADDUCTOR BREVIS – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions: adduction, flexion, lateral rotation of femur.

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ADDUCTOR MAGNUS – actions[a]This muscle will do the following actions: Anterior fibers: flexion, lateral rotation, adduction of femur. Posterior fibers. Extension, medial rotation, adduction of femur.

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List all the hip flexors[a] Hip flexors – Psoas major, Gluteus medius, Pectineus, Iliacus, Gluteus minimus, Gracilis, Rectus femoris, Adductor Magnus, Sartorius, Adductor longus, Tensor fasciae latae, Adductor brevis

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List all the hip extensors[a] Hip Extensors – Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Biceps femoris, Adductor magnus,Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus

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List all the hip abductors[a] Hip Abductors – Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis

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List all the hip adductors[a] hip adductors – Gracilis, Adductor brevis, Quadratus femoris, Pectineus, Adductor magnus, Adductor longus, Gluteus maximus,

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List all the hip medial rotators[a] hip medial rotators – Gluteus medius, Semimembranosus, Adductor magnus, Gluteus minimus, Semitendinosus, Tensor fasciae latae

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List all the hip lateral rotators[a] hip lateral rotators – Gluteus maximus, Gemellus inferior, Gemellus superior, Piriformis, Adductor (magnus, longus and brevis,) Gluteus Medius, Iliopsoas, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, Sartorius, Obturator Internus.

[/qdeck]

Hip and thigh actions reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which common actions do these muscles do? Gluteus maximus, Gemellus inferior, Gemellus superior, Piriformis, Adductor magnus, Gluteus Medius, Iliopsoas, Obturator externus, Quadratus femoris, Sartorius, Obturator Internus.[a] hip lateral rotators

[q]

Which common action do these muscles do? Gluteus medius, Semimembranosus, Adductor magnus, Gluteus minimus, Semitendinosus, Tensor fasciae latae[a] hip medial rotatation

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Which common action do these muscles do? Gracilis, Adductor brevis, Quadratus femoris, Pectineus, Adductor magnus, Adductor longus, Gluteus maximus (inferiof fibers)[a] hip adduction

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Which common action do these muscles do? Gluteus medius, Gluteus maximus, Tensor fasciae latae, Sartorius, Gluteus minimus, Piriformis[a] hip abduction

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Which common action do these muscles do? Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Biceps femoris, Adductor magnus,Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus[a] hip extension

[q]

Which common action do these muscles do? Psoas major, Gluteus medius, Pectineus, Iliacus, Gluteus minimus, Gracilis, Rectus femoris, Adductor Magnus, Sartorius, Adductor longus, Tensor fasciae latae, Adductor brevis[a] hip flexion

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Which muscle will do the following actions: Anterior fibers: flexion, lateral rotation, adduction of femur. Posterior fibers. Extension, medial rotation, adduction of femur. [a]ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

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Which muscles will do the following actions: adduction, flexion of femur.[a]ADDUCTOR , MAGNUS, BREVIS, and LONGUS,PECTINEUS,GRACILLIS

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Which muscle will do the following actions: Hip: adduction, flexion with knee extended. Knee: flexion, medial rotation of leg.[a]GRACILIS

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Which deep hip muscle will do the following actions: lateral rotation AND adduction of the femur[a]QUADRATUS FEMORIS, PECTINEUS

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Which muscles will do ONLY lateral rotation of the femur. (Hint GOGO)[a]GEMELLUS SUPERIOR, OBTURATOR INTERNUS, GEMELLUS INFERIOR, OBTURATOR EXTERNUS

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Which deep hip muscle will do the following actions: lateral rotation, abduction of the femur.[a]PIRIFORMIS

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Which hamstrings will do the following actions: Hip: extension, medial rotation. Knee: flexion, medial rotation with the knee flexed.[a]SEMIMEMBRANOSUS,SEMITENDINOSUS

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Which muscle will do the following actions: Hip: extension, lateral rotation of thigh. Knee: flexion, lateral rotation of leg with knee flexed.[a]BICEPS FEMORIS

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Which gluteal muscle will do the following actions: abduction, flexion and medial rotation of the femur?[a]Gluteus Minimus

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Which muscle will do the following actions:Anterior fibers: abduction, flexion, medial rotation of femur. Middle fibers: abduction of femur.Posterior fibers : extension, medial rotation, hyperextension of femur[a]Gluteus Medius

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Which muscle will do the following actions at the hip: abduction by Superior fibers, adduction by Inferior fibers, extension, hyperextension and lateral rotation[a]Gluteus Maximus

[q]

Which muscles will flex and laterally rotate the femur?[a]Iliacus,Psoas Major, Pectineus, Adductor Magnus, Longus and Brevis,Sartorius

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Which muscle does the following actions: Hip: flexion, lateral rotation femur. Spine:Extension [a]Psoas Major

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Which muscle does the following actions: Hip: flexion, medial rotation, weak abduction. Knee: stabilizes the knee in ambulation, assists with knee extension.[a]Tensor Fascia Latae

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Which muscle does the following actions: Hip flexion and Knee extension[a]Rectus Femoris

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Which muscle does the following actions: Hip: flexion, abduction, lateral rotation and knee flexion, medial rotation[a]Sartorious

[/qdeck]

[q]

Tendon – define [a]This type of white, dense, regular fibrous connective tissue is located at the ends of the muscle belly and attaches to bone by interweaving with the periosteum.

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Aponeurosis – define [a]This type of tendon is broad, flat and attaches over a wide area.

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Belly – define [a]The central portion of the muscle, where muscle fibers are found which can contract and relax.

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Origin – define [a]This attachment of the muscle on the bone is more likely to remain stationary when the muscle contracts. (tip: usually proximal or superior in the extremities)

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Insertion – define [a] This attachment of the muscle on the bone that is more likely to move when the muscle contracts.(usually distal or inferior on the extremities)

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Agonist or prime mover – define [a]This muscle is considered strongest (the initiator) during a given movement.

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Synergist – define [a]This type of muscle may assist the agonist in performing its action.

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Antagonist – define [a]This type of muscle is capable of performing the opposite action of the agonist.

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Fixator – define [a]This type of muscle stabilizes a bone so it won’t move while another muscle is contracting.

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How do you stretch a muscle?[a] MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION FARTHER AWAY FROM THE ORIGIN.

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How do you slacken a muscle?[a] MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION TOWARD THE ORIGIN.

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Muscles that cross anterior to a joint would tend to do what action?[a]Flexion (except for knee).

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Muscles that cross posterior to a joint would tend to do what action?[a]Extension (except for knee).

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Motor unit – define [a]A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it innervates.

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Hypotonia – define [a]Less than normal muscle tone.

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Hypertonia – define [a]Excess muscle tone.

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Atonia – define [a]No muscle tone at all.

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What factors determine Muscle power?[a]The number of fibers in the muscle. The thickness and type of each muscle fiber. How the muscle crosses the joint. The number of motor units firing. The arrangement of muscle fibers.

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Isometric Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when tension increases without producing movement at the joint.

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Isotonic Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when tension on the muscle is maintained while the length is altered.

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Concentric Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when the muscle shortens initiating movement.

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Eccentric Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens, resisting movement and gravity.

[/qdeck]

Muscle definitions reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which type of contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens, resisting movement and gravity?[a]Eccentric Contraction

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Which type of contraction occurs when the muscle shortens initiating movement?[a]Concentric Contraction

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Which type of contraction occurs when tension on the muscle is maintained while the length is altered?[a]Isotonic Contraction

[q]

Which type of contraction occurs when tension increases without producing movement at the joint?[a]Isometric Contraction

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Name the term for no muscle tone at all.[a]Atonia

[q]

Name the term for excess muscle tone.[a]Hypertonia

[q]

Name the term for less than normal muscle tone.[a]Hypotonia

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Name the term for a motor neuron plus the muscle fibers that it innervates.[a]Motor unit

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For a muscle to extend a joint, what aspect of the joint must is cross? [a]posterior(except for knee)

[q]

For a muscle to flex a joint, what aspect of the joint must is cross? [a] anterior (except for knee).

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When you MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION TOWARD THE ORIGIN, what are you doing?[a] Slakening the muscle.

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When you MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION FARTHER AWAY FROM THE ORIGIN, what are you doing?[a] Stretching the muscle

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Which type of muscle stabilizes a bone so it won’t move while another muscle is contracting?[a]Fixator

[q]

Which type of muscle is capable of performing the opposite action of the agonist?[a]Antagonist

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Which type of muscle may assist the agonist in performing its action?[a]Synergist

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Which muscle is considered strongest (the initiator) during a given movement?[a]Agonist or prime mover

[q]

Which attachment of the muscle on the bone is more likely to move when the muscle contracts?[a]Insertion

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Which attachment of the muscle on the bone is more likely to remain stationary when the muscle contracts?[a]Origin (tip: usually proximal in the extremities)

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Name the central portion of the muscle, where muscle fibers are found which can contract and relax.[a]Belly

[q]

Which type of tendon is broad, flat and attaches over a wide area?[a]Aponeurosis

[q]

Which type of white, dense, regular fibrous connective tissue is located at the ends of the muscle belly and attaches to bone by interweaving with the periosteum?[a]Tendon

[/qdeck]

[q]

Origin: SERRATUS ANTERIOR[a]This muscle originates on the R1-R8, laterally and anteriorly.

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Insertion: SERRATUS ANTERIOR[a]This muscle inserts on the costal surface of the vertebral border of the scapula, from superior angle to inferior angle.

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Origin: TRAPEZIUS[a]This muscle originates on the nuchal lines and nuchal ligament an SP’s of C7 to T12.

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Insertion: TRAPEZIUS[a]This muscle inserts on the entire spine of the scapula and the lateral aspect of the clavicle.

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Origin: RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR[a]This muscle originates on the spinous processes T2-T5.

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Insertion: RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR[a]This muscle inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula, from the root of the spine to the inferior angle.

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Origin: RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR[a]This muscle originates on the spinous processes C7-T1.

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Insertion: RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR[a]This muscle inserts on the root of the spine of the scapula.

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Origin: LEVATOR SCAPULAE[a]This muscle originates on the Transverse processes C1-C4.

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Insertion: LEVATOR SCAPULAE[a]This muscle inserts on the vertebral border of scapula, from superior angle of scapula to the root of the spine.

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Origin: SUPRASPINATUS[a]This muscle originates on the Supraspinous fossa/scapula.

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Insertion: SUPRASPINATUS[a]This muscle passes under the acromion, and inserts on the greater tubercle/humerus.

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Origin: INFRASPINATUS[a]This muscle originates on the Infraspinous fossa/scapula.

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Insertion: INFRASPINATUS[a]This muscle inserts on the greater tubercle.

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Origin: TERES MINOR[a]This muscle originates on the superior axillary border/scapula; superior to teres major.

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Insertion: TERES MINOR[a]This muscle inserts on the greater tubercle.

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Origin: SUBSCAPULARIS[a]This muscle originates on the subscapular fossa/scapula.

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Insertion: SUBSCAPULARIS[a]This muscle inserts on the lesser tubercle/humerus.

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Origin: PECTORALIS MAJOR[a]This muscle originates on the medial clavicle, inferior border and the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs.

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Insertion: PECTORALIS MAJOR[a]This muscle inserts on the lateral lip of bicipital groove/humerus.

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Origin: LATISSIMUS DORSI[a]This muscle originates on the thoracolumbar aponeurosis, spinous processes T6/T7-L5.

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Insertion: LATISSIMUS DORSI[a]This muscle inserts on the medial lip of bicipital groove/humerus.

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Origin: DELTOID[a]This muscle originates on the whole spine of the scapula and the lateral clavicle.

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Insertion: DELTOID[a]This muscle inserts on the deltoid tuberosity/humerus.

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Origin: BICEPS BRACHII[a]This muscle originates its long head on the supraglenoid tubercle and the short head on coracoid process/scapula.

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Insertion: BICEPS BRACHII[a]This muscle inserts on the radial tuberosity and the common forearm flexor tendons.

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Origin: BRACHIORADIALIS[a]This muscle originates on the lateral supracondylar ridge/humerus.

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Insertion: BRACHIORADIALIS[a]This muscle inserts on the styloid process/radius.

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Origin: TRICEPS BRACHII[a]This muscle originates on the infraglenoid tubercle/scapula and the proximal, lateral and posterior humerus.

[q]

Insertion: TRICEPS BRACHII[a]This muscle inserts on the olecranon process.

[q]

Action: SERRATUS ANTERIOR[a]This muscle performs protraction and upward rotation of scapula.

[/qdeck]

Muscles of the shoulder and arm; attachments – reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the olecranon process?[a] TRICEPS BRACHII

[q]

Which muscle originates on the infraglenoid tubercle/scapula and the proximal, lateral and posterior humerus?[a] TRICEPS BRACHII

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the styloid process/radius?[a] BRACHIORADIALIS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the lateral supracondylar ridge/humerus?[a] BRACHIORADIALIS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the radial tuberosity?[a] BICEPS BRACHII

[q]

Which muscle originates its long head on the supraglenoid tubercle and the short head on coracoid process/scapula?[a] BICEPS BRACHII

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the deltoid tuberosity/humerus?[a] DELTOID

[q]

Which muscle originates on the whole spine of the scapula and the lateral clavicle?[a] DELTOID

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the medial lip of bicipital groove/humerus?[a] LATISSIMUS DORSI

[q]

Which muscle originates on the thoracolumbar aponeurosis, spinous processes T6/T7-L5?[a] LATISSIMUS DORSI

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the lateral lip of bicipital groove/humerus?[a] PECTORALIS MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle originates on the medial clavicle, inferior border and the sternum and costal cartilage of true ribs?[a] PECTORALIS MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the lesser tubercle/humerus?[a] SUBSCAPULARIS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the subscapular fossa/scapula?[a] SUBSCAPULARIS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle?[a] TERES MINOR

[q]

Which muscle originates on the superior axillary border/scapula; superior to teres major?[a] TERES MINOR

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle?[a] INFRASPINATUS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the Infraspinous fossa/scapula?[a] INFRASPINATUS

[q]

Which muscle passes under the acromion, and inserts on the greater tubercle/humerus?[a] SUPRASPINATUS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the Supraspinous fossa/scapula?[a] SUPRASPINATUS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the vertebral border of scapula, from superior angle of scapula to the root of the spine?[a] LEVATOR SCAPULAE

[q]

Which muscle originates on the Transverse processes C1-C4?[a] LEVATOR SCAPULAE

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the root of the spine of the scapula?[a] RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR

[q]

Which muscle originates on the spinous processes C7-T1?[a] RHOMBOIDEUS MINOR

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the vertebral border of the scapula, from the root of the spine to the inferior angle?[a] RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle originates on the spinous processes T2-T5?[a] RHOMBOIDEUS MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the entire spine of the scapula and the lateral aspect of the clavicle?[a] TRAPEZIUS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the nuchal lines and nuchal ligament an SP’s of C7 to T12?[a] TRAPEZIUS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the costal surface of the vertebral border of the scapula, from superior angle to inferior angle?[a] SERRATUS ANTERIOR

[q]

Which muscle originates on the R1-R8, laterally and anteriorly?[a] SERRATUS ANTERIOR

[/qdeck]

Muscles of the shouder and arm; actions [qdeck]

[q]

Action: SUBCLAVIUS[a]This muscle performs stabilization of the clavicle to protect the joints of the shoulder girdle and slight depression of clavicle.

[q]

Action: TRAPEZIUS – Superior fibers with spine fixed[a]This muscle performs elevation, upward rotation of the scapula.

[q]

Action: TRAPEZIUS – Superior fibers with scapula fixed and unilateral contraction[a]This muscle performs lateral flexion and rotation of head to the opposite side.

[q]

Action: TRAPEZIUS – Superior fibers with scapula fixed and bilateral contraction[a]This muscle performs extension/ hyperextension of the neck and head.

[q]

Action: TRAPEZIUS – Middle fibers[a]This muscle besides rhomboids performs retraction of the scapula.

[q]

Action: TRAPEZIUS – lower fibers[a]This muscle performs depression and upward rotation of the scapula.

[q]

Action: TRAPEZIUS – all fibers together[a]This muscle besides rhomboids performs retraction of the scapula.

[q]

Action: RHOMBOIDS[a]This muscle performs retraction and downward rotation.

[q]

Action: LEVATOR SCAPULAE with spine fixed.[a]This muscle performs elevation and downward rotation of scapulae.

[q]

Action: LEVATOR SCAPULAE with the scapula fixed, unilateral contraction.[a]This muscle performs rotation of the neck to the same side with lateral flexion.

[q]

Action: LEVATOR SCAPULAE with the scapula fixed, bilateral contraction.[a]This muscle performs extension/hyperextension of the neck.

[q]

Action: SUPRASPINATUS[a]This muscle helps to initiate abduction of the humerus.

[q]

Action: INFRASPINATUS[a]This SITS muscle performs lateral rotation of the humerus.

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Action: TERES MINOR[a]This SITS muscle performs lateral rotation of the humerus.

[q]

Action: SUBSCAPULARIS[a]This SITS muscle performs medial rotation, some adduction of the humerus.

[q]

COMMON ACTION: SITS muscles:[a]These muscles, as a group, perform stabilization of the head of the humerus.

[q]

Action: PECTORALIS MAJOR clavicular division[a]This muscle performs flexion, adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction of the humerus.

[q]

Action: PECTORALIS MAJOR sternal division[a]This muscle performs extension, adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction of the humerus.

[q]

Action: LATISSIMUS DORSI[a]This muscle performs extension, horizontal extension, adduction, medial rotation of the humerus.

[q]

Action: TERES MAJOR[a]This muscle performs extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus.

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Action: DELTOID anterior fibers[a]This muscle performs flexion, medial rotation and horizontal flexion of the humerus.

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Action: DELTOID middle fibers[a]This muscle performs abduction of the humerus.

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Action: DELTOID posterior fibers[a]This muscle performs extension, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction, abduction of the humerus.

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Action: CORACOBRACHIALIS[a]This muscle performs adduction, flexion, horizontal flexion of the humerus.

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Action: BICEPS BRACHII[a]This muscle performs flexion and adduction of the humerus and flexion and supination of the elbow.

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Action: BRACHIALIS[a]This muscle performs elbow flexion only.

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Action: TRICEPS BRACHII[a]This muscle performs elbow and humerus extension.

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Action: ANCONEUS[a]This muscle performs extension of the humerus only.

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Action: BRACHIORADIALIS[a]This muscle performs flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral position and returns forearm to neutral position from supinated or pronated position.

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List the elevators of the scapula.[a] upper traps, rhomboids(slightly) and levator scapulae.

[q]

List the depressors of the scapula.[a]pec minor and lower traps.

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List the retractors of the scapula.[a]rhomboids and middle traps.

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List the protractors of the scapula.[a]serratus anterior and pec minor.

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List the upward rotators of the scapula.[a] upper traps, lower traps, and serratus anterior.

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List the downward rotators of the scapula.[a] levator scapula, rhomboids, and pec minor.

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List the flexors of the humerus.[a] pec major, long head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and anterior deltiod.

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List the extensors of the humerus.[a] pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps, teres major and posterior deltoid.

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List the horizontal flexors of the humerus.[a] pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and anterior deltoid.

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List the horizontal extensors of the humerus.[a] pectoralis major, lats dorsi, posterior deltoid and teres major.

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List the abductors of the humerus.[a] supraspinatus and deltoid.

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List the adductors of the humerus.[a] pectoralis major, lats dorsi, teres major, triceps, and coracobrachialis.

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List the medial rotators of the humerus.[a] subscapularis, anterior deltoid, lats dorsi, pectoralis major and teres major.

[q]

List the lateral rotators of the humerus.[a] infraspinatus, teres minor and posterior deltoid.

[/qdeck]

Muscles of the shouder and arm; actions reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which action do infraspinatus, teres minor and posterior deltoid have in common?[a]These are the lateral rotators of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do subscapularis, anterior deltoid, lats dorsi, pectoralis major and teres major have in common?[a]These are the medial rotators of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do pectoralis major, lats dorsi, teres major, triceps, and coracobrachialis have in common?[a]These are the adductors of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do supraspinatus and deltoid have in common?[a]These are the abductors of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do pectoralis major, lats dorsi, posterior deltoid and teres major have in common?[a]These are the horizontal extensors of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do pectoralis major, coracobrachialis and anterior deltoid have in common?[a]These are the horizontal flexors of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps, teres major and posterior deltoid have in common?[a]These are the extensors of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do pec major, long head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and anterior deltiod have in common?[a]These are the flexors of the humerus.

[q]

Which action do levator scapula, rhomboids, and pec minor have in common?[a]These are the downward rotators of the scapula.

[q]

Which action do upper traps, lower traps, and serratus anterior have in common?[a]These are the upward rotators of the scapula.

[q]

Which action do serratus anterior and pec minor have in common?[a]These are the protractors of the scapula.

[q]

Which action do rhomboids and middle traps have in common?[a]These are the retractors of the scapula.

[q]

Which action do pec minor and lower traps have in common?[a]These are the depressors of the scapula.

[q]

Which action do upper traps, rhomboids(slightly) and levator scapulae have in common?[a]These are the elevators of the scapula.

[q]

Which muscle performs flexion of elbow with forearm in neutral position and returns forearm to neutral position from supinated or pronated position?[a] BRACHIORADIALIS

[q]

Which muscle performs extension of the humerus only?[a] ANCONEUS

[q]

Which muscle performs elbow and humerus extension?[a] TRICEPS BRACHII

[q]

Which muscle performs elbow flexion only?[a] BRACHIALIS

[q]

Which muscle performs flexion and adduction of the humerus and flexion and supination of the elbow?[a] BICEPS BRACHII

[q]

Which muscle performs adduction, flexion, horizontal flexion of the humerus?[a] CORACOBRACHIALIS

[q]

Which muscle performs extension, lateral rotation, horizontal abduction, abduction of the humerus?[a] DELTOID posterior fibers

[q]

Which muscle performs abduction of the humerus?[a] DELTOID middle fibers

[q]

Which muscle performs flexion, medial rotation and horizontal flexion of the humerus?[a] DELTOID anterior fibers

[q]

Which muscle besides lats performs extension, adduction, m. rotation of the humerus?[a] TERES MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle performs extension, horizontal extension, adduction, medial rotation of the humerus?[a] LATISSIMUS DORSI

[q]

Which muscle performs extension, adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction of the humerus?[a] PECTORALIS MAJOR sternal division

[q]

Which muscle performs flexion, adduction, medial rotation, horizontal adduction of the humerus?[a] PECTORALIS MAJOR clavicular division

[q]

Which muscles, as a group, perform stabilization of the head of the humerus?[a] SITS muscles:

[q]

Which SITS muscle performs medial rotation, some adduction of the humerus?[a] SUBSCAPULARIS

[q]

Which SITS muscle performs lateral rotation of the humerus?[a] TERES MINOR

[q]

Which SITS muscle performs lateral rotation of the humerus?[a] INFRASPINATUS

[q]

Which muscle helps to initiate abduction of the humerus?[a] SUPRASPINATUS

[q]

Which muscle performs retraction and downward rotation?[a] RHOMBOIDS

[q]

Which muscle besides rhomboids performs retraction of the scapula?[a]middle TRAPEZIUS

[q]

Which muscle performs depression and upward rotation of the scapula?[a] TRAPEZIUS – lower fibers

[q]

Which muscle performs extension/ hyperextension of the neck and head?[a] TRAPEZIUS – Superior fibers with scapula fixed and bilateral contraction

[q]

Which muscle performs lateral flexion and rotation of head to the opposite side?[a] TRAPEZIUS – Superior fibers with scapula fixed and unilateral contraction

[q]

Which muscle performs elevation, upward rotation of the scapula?[a] TRAPEZIUS – Superior fibers with spine fixed

[q]

Which muscle performs stabilization of the clavicle to protect the joints of the shoulder girdle and slight depression of clavicle?[a] SUBCLAVIUS

[/qdeck]

[q]

Origin: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)[a]This muscle originates on the manubrium/sternum and the medial, superior clavicle.

[q]

Insertion: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)[a]This muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone and occipital ridge.

[q]

Origin: SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS[a]This muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7.

[q]

Insertion: SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS[a]This muscle inserts on R1.

[q]

Origin: SCALENUS POSTERIOR[a]This muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7.

[q]

Insertion: SCALENUS POSTERIOR[a]This muscle inserts on R2.

[q]

Origin: SPLENIUS CAPITIS[a]This muscle originates on the nuchal ligament, spinous processes (C3-T3).

[q]

Insertion: SPLENIUS CAPITIS[a]This muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone (deep to SCM).

[q]

Origin: SPLENIUS CERVICIS[a]This muscle originates on the upper thoracic spinous processes (T3-T6).

[q]

Insertion: SPLENIUS CERVICIS[a]This muscle inserts on the transverse processes C1-C3.

[q]

Action: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the head and rotation to the opposite side .

[q]

Action: scalenes in bilateral contraction[a]This muscle in bilateral contraction does neck flexion or elevation of R1 and R2 if the neck is fixed.

[q]

Action: scalenes in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the neck and rotation to the opposite side.

[q]

Action: SPLENIUS CAPITIS in bilatereal contraction[a]This muscle in bilateral contraction does extension/hyperextension of the head.

[q]

Action: SPLENIUS CAPITIS in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion.

[q]

Action: SPLENIUS Cervicis in bilatereal contraction[a]This muscle in bilatereal contraction does extension/hyperextension of the neck.

[q]

Action: SPLENIUS Cervicis in unilatereal contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the neck to the same side.

[q]

List the muscles of neck and head extension.[a]bilateral contraction of upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, semispinalis, interspinalis, suboccipital group, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores.

[q]

List the muscles of neck and head in lateral flexion.[a] unilateral contraction of SCM, scalenes, upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and servicis, spinalis, longissimus, suboccipital group, intertransversarii.

[q]

List the muscles of neck and head rotation to the RIGHT.[a] LEFT SCM, upper traps, anterior scalene, transversospinalis group; RIGHT splenius muscles, levator scapula.

[q]

Action: STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (bilateral contraction)[a]This muscle does neck and head flexion. (It can also do head extention on C1)

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: scalenes, SCM[a] neck and head flexion.

[/qdeck]

Muscles of the neck reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which muscle does neck and head flexion?[a] STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (bilateral contraction)

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: LEFT SCM, upper traps, anterior scalene, transversospinalis group; RIGHT splenius muscles, levator scapula?[a] neck and head rotation to the right.

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: unilateral contraction of SCM, scalenes, upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and servicis, spinalis, longissimus, suboccipital group, intertransversarii?[a]neck and head lateral flexion.

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: bilateral contraction of upper traps, levator scap, splenius capitis and cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, semispinalis, interspinalis, suboccipital group, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores?[a] neck and head extension.

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the transverse processes C1-C3?[a] SPLENIUS CERVICIS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the upper thoracic spinous processes (T3-T6)?[a] SPLENIUS CERVICIS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone (deep to SCM)?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the nuchal ligament, spinous processes (C3-T3)?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on R2?[a] SCALENUS POSTERIOR

[q]

Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7?[a] SCALENUS POSTERIOR

[q]

Which muscle inserts on R1?[a] SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the transverse processes of C2-C7?[a] SCALENUS ANTERIOR, MEDIUS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the mastoid process/temporal bone and occipital ridge?[a] STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)

[q]

Which muscle originates on the manubrium/sternum and the medial, superior clavicle?[a] STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID (SCM)

[q]

List the muscles of neck and head flexion.[a] scalenes, SCM

[q]

Which muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the neck to the same side and lateral flexion?[a] SPLENIUS Cervicis

[q]

Which muscle in bilatereal contraction does extension/hyperextension of the neck but not the head?[a] SPLENIUS Cervicis

[q]

Which muscle in unilateral contraction does rotation of the head to the same side and lateral flexion?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS

[q]

Which muscle in bilatereal contraction does extension/hyperextension of the head?[a] SPLENIUS CAPITIS

[q]

Which muscles in unilateral contraction do lateral flexion of the neck and rotation to the opposite side?[a] scalenes and SCM

[q]

Which muscle in bilateral contraction does neck flexion or elevation of R1 and R2 if the neck is fixed?[a] scalenes

[/qdeck]

[q]

Origin: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM[a]This posterior abdominal wall muscle originates on the posterior iliac crest.

[q]

Insertion: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM[a]This posterior abdominal wall muscle inserts on lumbar (L1-L4) transverse processes (oblique fibers), R12.

[q]

Origin: RECTUS ABDOMINIS[a]This abdominal muscle originates on the pubic crest.

[q]

Insertion: RECTUS ABDOMINIS[a]This abdominal muscle inserts on costal cartilages of ribs 5,6,7 and xiphoid process.

[q]

Origin: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle originates on the inferior 8 ribs (5-12), interdigitating with serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi.

[q]

Insertion: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle inserts on iliac crest, linea alba via abdominal aponeurosis.

[q]

Origin: INTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle originates on the ASIS, iliac crest, and deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia.

[q]

Insertion: INTERNAL OBLIQUE[a]This abdominal muscle inserts on the linea alba and inferior ribs (9-12).

[q]

Origin: DIAPHRAGM[a]This muscle originates on the posterior xiphoid process, deep surface of lower ribs (7-12) and costal cartilages and the lumbar (L1-L3) vertebral bodies (via the CRURA, three large bundles of musculotendinous fibers).

[q]

Insertion: DIAPHRAGM[a]This muscle inserts on the central tendon — an aponeurosis which does not attach to bone but lies at the top of the muscle, where all fibers come together.

[q]

Attachments: EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle originates on a superior rib and inserts on the rib below.

[q]

Attachments: INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle originates on an inferior rib and inserts on the rib above.

[q]

List the muscles of trunk lateral flexion.[a] unilateral contraction of rectus abominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, intertransversarii.

[q]

List the muscles of trunk rotation to the left.[a] RIGHT transversospinalis group, external abdominal obliques; LEFT internal abdominal obliques.

[q]

Action: INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle does depression of the ribs to exhale.

[q]

Action: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE, INTERNAL OBLIQUE, and RECTUS ABDOMINUS[a]This 3 muscles do flexion of trunk and compression of abdomen.

[q]

Action: DIAPHRAGM[a]This muscle does inhalation as it descends.

[q]

Action: EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS[a]This muscle does elevation of the ribs to inhale.

[q]

Action: TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS[a]This muscle does compression of abdomen only.

[q]

Nickname for quadratus lumborum[a]This muscle is called the hip hiker.

[q]

List the muscles of relaxed inhalation.[a] Diaphragm, external intercostals.

[q]

This breathing action requires no muscles at all.[a]relaxed exhalation.

[q]

List the muscles of trunk flexion.[a] rectus abdominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques.

[q]

List the muscles of trunk extension.[a]: bilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, semispinalis. interspinalis, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores

[q]

Action: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion, elevation of pelvis.(It acts as the hip hiker with a Fixed Insertion).

[q]

Action: QUADRATUS LUMBORUM in bilateral contraction[a]This lower back muscle in bilateral contraction does extension of lumbar spine.

[q]

Action: RECTUS ABDOMINIS[a]This muscle does flexion of trunk and compression of the abdomen.

[q]

Action: TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS[a]This muscle does compression of abdomen only.

[q]

Action: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE and internal oblique in bilateral contraction[a]These 2 muscles do flexion of trunk and compression of abdomen in bilateral contraction.

[q]

Action: EXTERNAL OBLIQUE in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion and rotation of trunk to the opposite side.

[q]

Action: INTERNAL OBLIQUE in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the trunk and rotation to the same side.

[q]

Common Action: abdominal muscles[a]This muscle group does compression of the viscera as in forced exhalation.

[q]

Common Action: Pubococcygeus, COCCYGEUS, Iliococcygeus, Puborectalis[a]These muscles support the abdominal floor.

[q]

List the muscles of forced inhalation.[a] Diaphragm, external intercostals, scalenes, posterior superior obliques., pec minor, levatores, Quadratus lumborum, SCM, serratus anterior, pec major.

[q]

List the muscles of forced exhalation.[a]abdominals, internal intercostals, serratus posterior inferior., Quadratus lumborum, iliocostalis.

[/qdeck]

Muscles of the trunk reversed [qdeck]

[q]

What are the actions of: Diaphragm, external intercostals?[a] relaxed inhalation.

[q]

Which muscle is called the hip hiker?[a]quadratus lumborum

[q]

Which muscle does compression of abdomen only?[a] TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

[q]

Which 2 muscles do flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation of the trunk as well as compression of the viscera?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE and INTERNAL OBLIQUE

[q]

Which muscle does elevation of the ribs to inhale?[a] EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

[q]

Which muscle does inhalation as it descends?[a] DIAPHRAGM

[q]

Which muscle does lateral flexion of the trunk, elevation of pelvis (Fixed Insertion)?[a] QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

[q]

Which 3 muscles do flexion of trunk and compression of abdomen?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE, INTERNAL OBLIQUE, and RECTUS ABDOMINUS

[q]

Which muscle does depression of the ribs to exhale?[a] INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: RIGHT external abdominal obliques; LEFT internal abdominal obliques?[a] trunk rotation to the left.

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: unilateral contraction of rectus abominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, intertransversarii?[a]trunk lateral flexion.

[q]

Which muscle originates on an inferior rib and inserts on the rib above?[a] INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

[q]

Which muscle originates on a superior rib and inserts on the rib below?[a]EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the central tendon?[a] DIAPHRAGM

[q]

Which muscle originates on the posterior xiphoid process, deep surface of lower ribs (7-12) and costal cartilages and the lumbar (L1-L3) vertebral bodies ?[a] DIAPHRAGM

[q]

Which abdominal muscle inserts on the linea alba and inferior ribs (9-12)?[a] INTERNAL OBLIQUE

[q]

Which abdominal muscle originates on the ASIS, iliac crest, and deep layer of thoracolumbar fascia?[a] INTERNAL OBLIQUE

[q]

Which abdominal muscle inserts on iliac crest, linea alba via abdominal aponeurosis?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

[q]

Which abdominal muscle originates on the inferior 8 ribs (5-12), interdigitating with serratus anterior and latissimus dorsi?[a] EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

[q]

Which abdominal muscle inserts on costal cartilages of ribs 5,6,7 and xiphoid process?[a] RECTUS ABDOMINIS

[q]

Which abdominal muscle originates on the pubic crest?[a] RECTUS ABDOMINIS

[q]

Which posterior abdominal wall muscle inserts on lumbar (L1-L4) transverse processes (oblique fibers), R12?[a] QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

[q]

Which posterior abdominal wall muscle originates on the posterior iliac crest?[a] QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: bilateral contraction of the quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, interspinalis, multifidus, intertransversarii, rotatores[a] trunk extension.

[q]

In which movement are these muscles synergists: rectus abdominis, external abdominal obliques, internal abdominal obliques?[a] trunk flexion.

[/qdeck]

[q]

Attachments: INTERTRANSVERSARII[a]This paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the next transverse process superior to it.

[q]

Attachments: INTERSPINALES[a]This paraspinal muscle goes from a spinous process to the next spinous process superior to it.

[q]

Attachments: LEVATORES[a]This paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the rib immediately inferior.

[q]

Action: ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP in bilateral contraction[a]This muscle in bilateral contraction does extension of the whole spine.

[q]

Action: ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP in unilateral contraction[a]This muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the whole spine.

[q]

Action: SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS in Bilateral contraction[a]TheseTRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in bilateral contraction do extension.

[q]

Action: SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS in unilateral contraction[a]These TRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in unilateral contraction do rotation to opposite side.

[q]

Action: ROTATORES[a]This muscle does rotation of the vertebrae to the opposite side.

[q]

What are the columns of the erector spinae from lateral to medial.[a]This group is composed of ILIOCOSTALIS, LONGISSIMUS and SPINALIS.

[q]

What are the sections of the erector spinae from inferior to superior.[a] This muscle is divided into lumborum, thoracis, cervisis and capitis sections.

[q]

List the muscles of the transverso spinalis group.[a] semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores.

[q]

Action: INTERSPINALES[a]This deep back muscle only does extension of the vertebrae.

[q]

Action: LEVATORES[a]This deep back muscle does elevation of the ribs and assists in rotation of the spine.

[/qdeck]

Muscles of the spine reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which deep back muscle does elevation of the ribs and assists in rotation of the spine?[a] LEVATORES

[q]

Which deep back muscle only does extension of the vertebrae?[a] INTERSPINALES

[q]

Which muscle group group is composed of semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores?[a] The muscles of the transverso spinalis group.

[q]

What muscle is divided into lumborum, thoracis, cervisis and capitis sections?[a]erector spinae from inferior to superior.

[q]

Which group is composed of ILIOCOSTALIS, LONGISSIMUS and SPINALIS?[a] The columns of the erector spinae from lateral to medial.

[q]

Which deep back muscle does only lateral flexion of the vertebrae in unilateral contraction?[a] INTERTRANSVERSARII

[q]

Which TRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in unilateral contraction do rotation to opposite side?[a] SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS

[q]

Which TRANSVERSOSPINALIS muscles in bilateral contraction do extension?[a] SEMISPINALIS and MULTIFIUS

[q]

Which muscle in unilateral contraction does lateral flexion of the whole spine?[a] ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP

[q]

Which muscle in bilateral contraction does extension of the whole spine?[a] ERECTOR SPINAE GROUP

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Which paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the rib immediately inferior?[a] LEVATORES

[q]

Which paraspinal muscle goes from a spinous process to the next spinous process superior to it?[a] INTERSPINALES

[q]

Which paraspinal muscle goes from a transverse process to the next transverse process superior to it?[a] INTERTRANSVERSARII

[/qdeck]

[q]

Origin: MEDIAL PTERYGOID[a]This chewing muscle originates on the medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate.

[q]

Insertion:MEDIAL PTERYGOID[a]This chewing muscle inserts on the angle of mandible, inferior surface.

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Origin: LATERAL PTERYGOID[a]This chewing muscle originates on the lateral plate of pterygoid process/sphenoid.

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Insertion:LATERAL PTERYGOID[a]This chewing muscle inserts on the mandibular condyle, articular disc of TMJ.

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Where is Orbicularis Oculi?[a]This muscle goes around the eye.

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Attachments: ORBICULARIS ORIS[a]This muscle goes around the mouth.

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Attachments: ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR[a]This muscle goes from sphincter of mouth to zygomatic arch.

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List the intrinsic muscles of the eye.[a]SUPERIOR RECTUS, MEDIAL RECTUS, INFERIOR RECTUS, INFERIOR OBLIQUE, LATERAL RECTUS, SUPERIOR OBLIQUE

[q]

Action: LATERAL PTERYGOID[a]This muscle does DEPRESSION and translation (to opposite side), protrusion of the mandible.

[q]

Common Action: TEMPORALIS, MASSETER, MEDIAL PTERYGOID[a]These muscles do elevation of the mandible.

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Action: ORBICULARIS OCULI[a]This muscle does squinting and closes the eye.

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Action: ORBICULARIS ORIS[a]This muscle purses of the lips.

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Action: ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR[a]This muscle smiles.

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Action: NASALIS[a]This muscle flares nostrils to increase pathway for air and enhance smelling.

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Action: FRONTALIS[a]This muscle wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows.

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Action: CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII[a]This muscle furrows space between brows.

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Action: MENTALIS[a]This muscle draws lower lip forward (“pouting”).

[q]

Action: PLATYSMA[a]This muscle is used in grimacing, screaming, can assist in depression of mandible.

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Origin: TEMPORALIS[a]This muscle originates on the temporal bone.

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Insertion: TEMPORALIS[a]This muscle inserts on the coronoid process/mandible.

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Origin: MASSETER[a]This muscle originates on the zygomatic arch.

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Insertion: MASSETER[a]This muscle inserts on the angle and ramus of mandible.

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Action: BUCCINATOR[a]This muscle draws cheeks inward, helps keep food in the mouth while chewing

[/qdeck]

Face reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which muscle is used in grimacing, screaming, can assist in depression of mandible?[a] PLATYSMA

[q]

Which muscle draws lower lip forward (“pouting”)?[a] MENTALIS

[q]

Which muscle furrows space between brows?[a] CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

[q]

Which muscle wrinkles forehead, raises eyebrows?[a] FRONTALIS

[q]

Which muscle flares nostrils to increase pathway for air and enhance smelling?[a] NASALIS

[q]

Which muscle smiles?[a] ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle purses the lips when kissing?[a] ORBICULARIS ORIS

[q]

Which muscle does squinting and closes the eye?[a] ORBICULARIS OCULI

[q]

Which muscles do elevation of the mandible?[a] TEMPORALIS, MASSETER, MEDIAL PTERYGOID

[q]

Which muscle does DEPRESSION and translation (to opposite side), protrusion of the mandible?[a] LATERAL PTERYGOID

[q]

Which muscles are these: SUPERIOR RECTUS, MEDIAL RECTUS, INFERIOR RECTUS, INFERIOR OBLIQUE, LATERAL RECTUS, SUPERIOR OBLIQUE[a] the intrinsic muscles of the eye.

[q]

Which muscle goes from the sphincter of the mouth to zygomatic arch?[a] ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR

[q]

Which muscle goes around the mouth?[a] ORBICULARIS ORIS

[q]

Which muscle goes around the eye?[a] Orbularis Oculi

[q]

Which chewing muscle inserts on the mandibular condyle, articular disc of TMJ?[a]LATERAL PTERYGOID

[q]

Which chewing muscle originates on the lateral plate of pterygoid process/sphenoid?[a] LATERAL PTERYGOID

[q]

Which chewing muscle inserts on the angle of mandible, inferior surface?[a]MEDIAL PTERYGOID

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Which chewing muscle originates on the medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate?[a] MEDIAL PTERYGOID

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the angle and ramus of mandible?[a] MASSETER

[q]

Which muscle originates on the zygomatic arch?[a] MASSETER

[q]

Which muscle inserts on the coronoid process/mandible?[a] TEMPORALIS

[q]

Which muscle originates on the temporal bone?[a] TEMPORALIS

[[/qdeck]

[q]

What structure is made of 80 bones[a] the axial skeleton

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What structure is made of 126 bones[a]the appendicular skeleton

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What structure is made of 26 bones[a] vertebral column

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Which part of the VC is made of 7 bones[a] cervical

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Which part of the VC is made of 12 bones[a] thoracic

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Which part of the VC is made of 5 bones[a]lumbar

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What structure is made of 5 fused vertebrae[a] sacrum

[q]

posterior (primary) curves – list[a]thoracic and sacral curves

[q]

anterior (secondary) curves – list[a] the cervical and lumbar curves

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What is the lowest bone in the vertebral column/[a] the coccyx

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What are the most anterior structure of vertebra?[a] the body of the vertebra

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What are the pedicles?[a]These are the “bridges” between the body and the transverse processes of the vertebrae (Each has a superior and inferior VERTEBRAL NOTCH.)

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What are the laminae?[a]These are the “bridges” between the transverse processes and spinous processes of the vertebrae (When the column is stacked they form the LAMINAR GROOVE.)

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What is the neural arch?[a]This structure is formed by the pedicles and laminae on the posterior portion of the vertebra.

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What are the transverse processes?[a]These are located on each side of a vertebra, point laterally and are used for muscle and rib attachment in the thoracic region.

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Where are the spinous process[a]These are the most posterior portion of a vertebra.

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What are the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS and INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS for?[a]These structures forms joints with adjacent vertebrae

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The POSTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS are composed of which processes?[a]These joints are formed by the inferior and superior articular processes of the posterior vertebrae.

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Where are the ANTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS/ SYMPHYSES?[a]These are the joints located between the vertebral bodies.

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intervertebral disc – structure[a] fibrocartilage surrounnding a colloid (acts like a shock absorber)

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The annulus fibrosus is part of what?[a] fibrocartilage outer part of a disc

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The nucleus pulposus is part of what?[a] gelatinous fluid within a disc

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transverse foramina – location[a] small holes in the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae

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bifid spinous processes – location[a] the spinous processes of C2-C6 forked to accommodate the nuchal ligament

[q]

C1 aka[a] the atlas

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C2 aka[a] the axis

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Which bones make up the atlantooccipital joint[a] the atlas and condyles (rounded bumps) of the occipital bone of the skull

[q]

What movement does the atlantoaxial joint allow for[a]This joint permits neck rotation. (Looks like shaking your head “no” and is a synovial pivot joint.)

[q]

vertebra prominens – location[a] C7

[/qdeck]

Vertebrae reversed [qdeck]

[q]

What is located at C7?[a]vertebra prominens

[q]

What is the joint that permits neck rotation? (Looks like shaking your head “no” and is a synovial pivot joint.)[a]the atlantoaxial joint

[q]

What is the joint between the atlas and condyles (rounded bumps) of the occipital bone of the skull?[a] the atlantooccipital joint

[q]

What vertebea forms the axis?[a]C2

[q]

What vertebrea forms the atlas?[a]C1

[q]

How are the spinous processes of C2-C6 different?[a]bifid spinous processes and transverse foramina

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What are the small holes in the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae?[a]transverse foramina

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What is the gelatinous fluid within a disc?[a]The nucleus pulposus

[q]

What is the collagenous(fibrous) outer part of a disc?[a]The annulus fibrosus

[q]

What is made of fibrocartilage and acts like a shock absorber?[a]intervertebral disc

[q]

What are the joints located between the vertebral bodies?[a] ANTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS/ SYMPHYSES

[q]

What joints are formed by the inferior and superior articular processes of the posterior vertebrae?[a]The POSTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS

[q]

What structures forms the posterior joints with adjacent vertebrae?[a] the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS and INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS

[q]

What is located on the most posterior portion of a vertebra?[a] the spinous process

[q]

What is located on each side of a vertebra, point laterally and are used for muscle and rib attachment in the thoracic region?[a] the transverse processes

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What is the structure formed by the pedicles and laminae on the posterior portion of the vertebra?[a] the neural arch

[q]

What are the “bridges” between the transverse processes and spinous processes of the vertebrae? (When the column is stacked they form the LAMINAR GROOVE)[a]the laminae

[q]

What are the “bridges” between the body and the transverse processes of the vertebrae? (Each has a superior and inferior VERTEBRAL NOTCH.)[a] the pedicles

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Where is the body of the vertebra?[a] the most anterior structure of vertebra

[q]

What are the cervical and lumbar curves?[a]anterior (secondary) curves

[q]

What are the thoracic and sacral curves?[a]posterior (primary) curves

[q]

What is the sacrum made of?[a] 5 fused vertebrae

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What is the number of lumbar vertebrae?[a] 5 bones

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What is the number of thoracic vertebrae?[a] 12 bones

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What is the number of cervical vertebrae?[a] 7 bones

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What is the number of bones in the vertebral column?[a]of 26 bones

[q]

What is the number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?[a]126 bones

[q]

What is the number of bones in the axial skeleton?[a] 80 bones

[q]

What is the number of bones in the entire skeleton?[a]206 bones

[/qdeck]

Vertebral column thorax and skull [qdeck]

[q]

COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS – describe[a]These joints are located between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the heads of the ribs.

[q]

List the bones of the the thorax[a]the ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum compose.

[q]

True Ribs aka[a]These are the vertebrosternal ribs

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False Ribs aka[a]These are the vertebrochondral and floating ribs.

[q]

costal cartilage – describe[a] This binds ribs to sternum.

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xiphoid process – describe[a]That is the lowest portion of the sternum and the site of muscle attachment for diaphragm and rectus abdominus.

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GOMPHOSES – location[a]These type of joints are located between the teeth and alveoli.

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SUTURES – location[a]These type of joints bind the cranial bones together.

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Sagittal suture – location[a] the suture between parietal bones.

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Coronal suture – location[a] the suture between frontal and parietal bones.

[q]

Squamosal suture – location[a]the suture between temporal bones and parietal/frontal/sphenoid bones.

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Lambdoidal suture – location[a] the suture between occipital and parietal bones.

[q]

Fontanels – location[a] The “soft spots” on infants heads where the bones of the skull have not ossified.

[q]

incus aka[a] anvil.

[q]

malleus aka[a] hammer.

[q]

stapes aka[a] stirrup. (it even looks like one)

[/qdeck]

Vertebral column thorax and skull reversed [qdeck]

[q]

Which auditory ossicle is called the stirrup? [a]stapes

[q]

Which auditory ossicle is called the hammer?[a]malleus

[q]

Which auditory ossicle is called the anvil?[a]incus

[q]

Name the “soft spots” on infants heads where the bones of the skull have not ossified.[a]Fontanels

[q]

Name the suture between occipital and parietal bones.[a]Lambdoidal suture

[q]

Name the suture between temporal bones and parietal/frontal/sphenoid bones.[a]Squamosal suture

[q]

Name the suture between frontal and parietal bones.[a]Coronal suture

[q]

Name the suture between parietal bones.[a]Sagittal suture

[q]

Which type of joints bind the cranial bones together?[a]SUTURES

[q]

Which type of joints are located between the teeth and alveoli?[a]GOMPHOSES

[q]

What is the lowest portion of the sternum and the site of muscle attachment for diaphragm and rectus abdominus?[a]xiphoid process

[q]

What attaches ribs to sternum?[a]costal cartilage

[q]

Which are the vertebrochondral and floating ribs?[a] False Ribs

[q]

Which are the vertebrosternal ribs[a]True Ribs

[q]

What do the bones of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum compose?[a]the thorax

[q]

Which joints are located between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the heads of the ribs?[a]COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS

[/qdeck]

skull [qdeck]

[q]

NASAL BONES – describe [a] the bridge of the nose.

[q]

INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE – describe [a]These scroll shaped bones articulate with the ethmoid.

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VOMER – describe [a] the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

[q]

ZYGOMATIC (MALAR) BONES – describe [a] These bones form the prominence of the cheeks and part of orbit.

[q]

the cranial bones – list [a] frontal (1), parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital (1), ethmoid (1), and sphenoid (1).

[q]

PALATINE BONES – describe [a] These are the “L” shaped bones that contribute to the roof of the mouth.

[q]

LACRIMAL BONES – describe [a]These are the smallest bones of the face and lie in the medial walls of the orbits.

[q]

List the Facial bones:[a]the nasal (2), maxilla (2), lacrimal (2), zygomatic (2), mandible (1), inferior nasal conchae (2), palatine (2), vomer (1)

[q]

foramen magnum – function [a]This is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the cranium.

[q]

occipital condyles – function [a]These features articulate with the superior articular processes of the atlas to form the atlantooccipital joint.

[q]

supraorbital ridge – location [a]This is the ridge forming superior margin of orbit of the frontal bone.

[q]

PARIETAL BONES – function [a]These bones form the side walls and bulk of the roof of the cranium.

[q]

OCCIPITAL BONE – function [a]This bone forms the lower cranial floor.

[q]

external auditory meatus – location [a]This is the canal through the temporal bone.

[q]

mandibular fossa – describe [a]This is the indentation anterior to the auditory meatus of the temporal bone that receives the mandibular condyle o form the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT.

[q]

styloid process – describe [a]This projects down from the temporal bone and suspends the hyoid

[q]

mastoid process – describe [a]large rounded bumps that serve as a muscle attachment for the sternocleidomastiod. (temporal)

[q]

sella turcica – describe [a] “seat” or “saddle” for the pituitary gland. (sphenoid)

[q]

ETHMOID – describe [a]This forms most of nasal cavity, a tiny part of cranial floor and some of the orbit.

[q]

crista galli “cock’s comb” – describe [a]This structure which anchors the DURA MATER of the brain to the ethmoid bone.

[q]

turbinates – describe [a]These are the scroll-shaped projections covered by a mucous membrane that extend from the labyrinths into the cavity of ethmoid.

[q]

MANDIBLE – describe [a] the lower jawbone.

[q]

mandibular condyle – describe [a]This is the rounded projection on the posterior aspect of the ramus that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

[q]

alveolar ridge w/ alveoli – describe [a]These are the portions of the mandible and maxillae that receive teeth.

[q]

MAXILLARY BONES- describe [a] the upper jaw bones.

[/qdeck]

skull reversed [qdeck]

[q]

What is the name of the upper jaw bones?[a]MAXILLARY BONES

[q]

What is the portion of the mandible and maxillae that receive teeth?[a]alveolar ridge w/ alveoli

[q]

What is the rounded projection on the posterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?[a]mandibular condyle

[q]

What is the name of the lower jawbone?[a]MANDIBLE

[q]

What are the scroll-shaped projections covered by mucous membrane that extend from the labyrinths into the cavity of ethmoid?[a]turbinates

[q]

What is the structure which anchors the DURA MATER of the brain to the ethmoid bone?[a]crista galli “cock’s comb”

[q]

What forms most of nasal cavity, a tiny part of cranial floor and some of the orbit?[a]ETHMOID

[q]

What serves as a “seat” or “saddle” for the pituitary gland?[a]sella turcica

[q]

What is the “keystone” of the skull?[a]SPHENOID BONE

[q]

What are the large rounded bumps that serve as a muscle attachment for the sternocleidomastiod?[a] mastoid process

[q]

What projects down from the temporal bone and suspends the hyoid?[a] styloid process

[q]

What is the indentation anterior to the auditory meatus of the temporal bone that receives the mandibular condyle to form the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT?[a]mandibular fossa

[q]

What is the canal through the temporal bone?[a]external auditory meatus

[q]

Which bone forms the lower cranial floor?[a]OCCIPITAL BONE

[q]

Which bones form the side walls and bulk of the roof of the cranium?[a]PARIETAL BONE

[q]

What is the ridge forming superior margin of orbit of the frontal bone?[a]supraorbital ridge

[q]

What features articulate with the superior articular processes of the atlas to form the atlantooccipital joint?[a]occipital condyles

[q]

What is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the cranium?[a]foramen magnum

[q]

Which are the smallest bones of the face and lie in the medial walls of the orbits?[a]LACRIMAL BONES

[q]

Which are the “L” shaped bones that contribute to the roof of the mouth?[a]PALATINE BONES

[q]

Which bones form the prominence of the cheeks and part of orbit?[a]ZYGOMATIC (MALAR) BONES

[q]

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?[a]VOMER

[q]

Which scroll shaped bones articulate with the ethmoid?[a]INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE

[q]

What bones make the bridge of the nose?[a]NASAL BONES

[q]

What are the only freely movable joints of the skull?[a]TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS (TMJ)

[/qdeck]

[q]

SMOOTH MUSCLE – describe[a]This type of muscle is INVOLUNTARY and NON-STRIATED.

[q]

SMOOTH MUSCLE – location[a]This type of muscle is found in the digestive tract and blood vessels.

[q]

CARDIAC MUSCLE – describe[a]This type of muscle is STRIATED AND INVOLUNTARY.

[q]

SKELETAL MUSCLE – describe[a]This type of muscle is STRIATED AND VOLUNTARY.

[q]

SARCOLEMMA – define[a]This is the name of muscle fiber membrane.

[q]

ENDOMYSIUM – define[a]This is the name of the sheet of loose connective tissue surrounding a muscle cell.

[q]

FASCICLES – define[a]This is a group of muscle fibers surrounded by connective tissue called the PERIMYSIUM.

[q]

EPIMYSIUM – define[a]This is the name of the outer wrapping of the muscle.

[q]

MYOFIBRILS – define[a]This is the name of the fine fibers found within the sarcolemma.

[q]

MYOFILAMENTS are made of what?[a]Myosin and actin.

[q]

SARCOMERES – define[a]These are repeating subunits that make up the myofibril.

[q]

Z-lines – define[a]This is the structure that marks the ends of a sarcomere.

[q]

Tropomyosin – define[a]This is the name of the protein that covers the binding sites when the muscle is relaxed.

[q]

T-TUBULES – define[a]This is the name of the tubules that penetrate the sarcomere from the surface of the cell.

[q]

The SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM stores what?[a]This structure stores Ca++ inside the muscle cell.

[q]

MOTOR UNIT – define[a]This is a motor neuron and the muscle cells it innervates.

[q]

How many muscle cells do smaller motor units have?[a]Small motor units have as few as 3-5 muscle cells per neuron.

[q]

How many muscle cells do larger motor units have?[a]Large motor units have as many as 1000 muscle cells per neuron.

[q]

MYONEURAL or NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – define[a]synapse between the motor neuron and the muscle cell meet.

[q]

THE ALL-OR-NONE PRINCIPLE – define[a]This principle states: there is no such thing as a partial contraction of a muscle fiber.

[q]

Spasm – define[a]This is a sustained muscle contraction due to excessive neuromuscular activity. They can be short-term or long-term.

[q]

HYPOTONIA – define[a]Decreased muscle tone

[q]

ATONIA – define[a]Loss of muscle tone characteristic of paralysis)

[q]

HYPERTONIA – define[a]Increased muscle tone

[q]

Slow twitch muscle fibers – define[a]These are muscle fibers with lots of mitochondria, capillaries (aerobic) and resistance to fatigue.

[q]

Fast twitch muscle fibers – define[a]This are muscle fibers that are strong, rapid, and fatigue easily.

[[/qdeck]

Muscle histology reversed [qdeck]

[q]

What muscle fibers are strong, rapid, and fatigue easily?[a]Fast twitch muscle fibers

[q]

What are muscle fibers with lots of mitochondria, capillaries (aerobic) and resistance to fatigue?[a]Slow twitch muscle fibers

[q]

Increased muscle tone is called?[a]HYPERTONIA

[q]

Loss of muscle tone is called? (Characteristic of paralysis)[a]ATONIA

[q]

Decreased muscle tone is called?[a]HYPOTONIA

[q]

What is a sustained muscle contraction due to excessive neuromuscular activity? They can be short-term or long-term.[a]Spasm

[q]

What principle states: “There is no such thing as a partial contraction of a muscle fiber?”[a]THE ALL-OR-NONE PRINCIPLE

[q]

ACETYLCHOLINE is an example of what?[a]NEUROTRANSMITTER

[q]

Where do the motor neuron and the muscle cell meet?[a]MYONEURAL or NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION

[q]

Which motor units have as many as 1000 muscle cells per neuron?[a] larger motor units, i.e. in the quads

[q]

Which motor units have as few as 2-5 muscle cells per neuron?[a]smaller motor units, i.e. in the hands and face for fine motor control

[q]

What is the structure that includes the neuron and the muscle cells it innervates?[a]MOTOR UNIT

[q]

What structure stores Ca++ inside the muscle cell?[a]The SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

[q]

What is the name of the tubules that penetrate the sarcomere from the surface of the cell?[a]T-TUBULES

[q]

What is the name of the protein that covers the binding sites when the muscle is relaxed?[a]Tropomyosin/Troponin Complex

[q]

What is the structure that marks the ends of a sarcomere?[a]Z-lines

[q]

What is the name of the repeating subunits that compose the myofibril?[a]SARCOMERES

[q]

Myosin and actin compose what structure?[a]MYOFILAMENTS

[q]

What is the name of the fine fibers found within the sarcolemma?[a]MYOFIBRILS

[q]

What is the name of the outer wrapping of the muscle?[a]EPIMYSIUM

[q]

What is the name of groups of fibers surrounded by PERIMYSIUM?[a]FASCICLES

[q]

What is the name of the sheet of loose connective tissue surrounding a muscle cell?[a]ENDOMYSIUM

[q]

What is the name of muscle fiber membrane?[a]SARCOLEMMA

[q]

What type of muscle is STRIATED AND VOLUNTARY?[a]SKELETAL MUSCLE

[q]

What type of muscle is MYOGENIC?[a] CARDIAC MUSCLE

[q]

What type of muscle is STRIATED AND INVOLUNTARY?[a]CARDIAC MUSCLE

[q]

What type of muscle is found in the digestive tract and blood vessels?[a]SMOOTH MUSCLE

[q]

What type of muscle is INVOLUNTARY and NON-STRIATED?[a]SMOOTH MUSCLE

[/qdeck]

[q]

EPIPHYSIS – define[a] the ends of the bone

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DIAPHYSIS – define[a] the shaft of the bone

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EPIPHYSEAL PLATE – define[a]the junction between the diaphysis and the epiphyses. In in growing bone is made up of hyaline cartilage.

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PERIOSTEUM – define[a] a connective tissue layer that surrounds the surfaces of bones

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fibrous layer of PERIOSTEUM – location[a]Outer layer of PERIOSTEUM

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osteogenic layer of PERIOSTEUM – location[a]inner layer of PERIOSTEUM

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INTRAMEMBRANOUS GROWTH – define[a] bone growth that occurs beneath the periosteum

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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE – define[a] hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface of bone

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MEDULLARY CAVITY – define[a] the cavity in middle of diaphysis filled with bone marrow

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ENDOSTEUM – define[a] the connective tissue layer lining the medullary cavity

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NUTRIENT FORAMINA – define[a] the openings in shaft of bone through which blood vessels pass

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OSTEOBLASTS – define[a] the cells that build bone

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OSTEOCLASTS – define[a] the cells that break down bone

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OSTEOCYTES – define[a] the mature bone cells that maintain bone

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MATRIX of bone – describe[a]collagen fibers impregnated with calcium carbonate

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CANCELLOUS (SPONGY) BONE: – describe[a] It is porous with spongy appearance; durable and light.

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COMPACT (DENSE) BONE: – describe[a] densely packed matrix, not porous, forms outer portions of bones and is covered by a periosteum.

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Endochondral Ossification – define[a] bone formation in hyaline cartilage

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MYELOID TISSUE aka [a]bone marrow

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HEMOPOIESIS – define[a]blood cell formation

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Where does HEMOPOIESIS occur?[a] in red marrow only

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yellow bone marrow – define[a]This myeloid tissue does not produce blood cells but serves primarily as a storage site for fat.

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MEMBRANE – define[a]A double layer of tissue that usually lines a space in the body.

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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES – structure[a] a membrane with an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer

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MUCOUS MEMBRANES – location[a] lines body cavities that open directly to the exterior.

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SEROUS MEMBRANES – location[a]These membranes line a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior.

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visceral layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES – define[a] a serous MEMBRANE in contact with the organs within the cavity.

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parietal layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES – define[a] a serous MEMBRANE in contact with the wall of the body cavity

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SEROUS MEMBRANES examples[a]Pericardial and Peritoneal and Pleural membranes forming the internal lining of body cavities.

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skin aka[a]the integumentary system.

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EPIDERMIS – structure[a]STRATIFIED, KERATINIZED, SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

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STRATUM BASALE – define[a] the innermost layer of EPIDERMIS

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STRATUM CORNEUM – define[a] the outermost layer of EPIDERMIS

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DERMIS – structure[a]The skin layer composed of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue.

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DERMIS – contains[a] blood and lymph vessels, white blood cells, hair folllicles, sebacious glands, sudiferous glands nerves that help support the epidermis.

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The superficial fascia – function[a]This fasciae connects the skin to the underlying tissues, insulates, protects, and stores energy in fat.

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The papillary layer of the dermis – function[a]This dermal layer anchors dermis to the epidermis (creates the pattern of the fingerprints).

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HAIR AND NAILS – structure[a] These structures are composed of specialized keratinized epithelial cells which are growing at the base of the shaft and are dead farther away

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arrector pili muscles – function[a]This makes the hair stand erect.

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suderiferous glands – function[a] produce sweat

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sebaceous glands – function[a]These glands secrete sebum which keeps skin from drying out and inhibits the growth of bacteria.

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MELANIN – function[a] absorb ultraviolet radiation

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VITAMIN D – production [a]This vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight.

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Bone and skin histology reversed [qdeck]

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What vitamin is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight, [necessary for the absorption of calcium in the small intestine] [a]VITAMIN D – production and function

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What pigment absorbs ultraviolet radiation?[a]MELANIN

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What glands secrete sebum which keeps skin from drying out and inhibits the growth of bacteria?[a]sebaceous glands

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What glands produce sweat?[a]suderiferous glands

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What makes the hair stands erect?[a]arrector pili muscles

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What structures are composed of specialized keratinized epithelial cells which are growing at the base of the shaft and are dead farther away?[a]HAIR AND NAILS

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What dermal layer anchors dermis to the epidermis (creates the pattern of the fingerprints)?[a]The papillary layer of the dermis

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What structure connects the skin to the underlying tissues?[a]The superficial fascia

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What skin layer contains blood, lymph vessels, white blood cells, and nerves that help support the epidermis?[a]DERMIS – contains

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What skin layer is composed of dense irregular fibrous connective tissue?[a]DERMIS – structure

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What is the outermost layer of EPIDERMIS?[a]STRATUM CORNEUM

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What is the innermost layer of EPIDERMIS?[a]STRATUM BASALE

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STRATIFIED, KERATINIZED, SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM makes up what?[a]EPIDERMIS

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the integumentary system. aka[a]skin

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What lines the joint cavities?[a]Synovial MEMBRANES

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What is a serous membrane in contact with the wall of the body cavity?[a]parietal layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES

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What is a serous membrane in contact with the organs within the cavity?[a]visceral layer of SEROUS MEMBRANES

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What kind of membrane lines a body cavity that does not open directly to the exterior?[a]SEROUS MEMBRANES

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What kind of membrane lines body cavities that opens directly to the exterior?[a]MUCOUS MEMBRANES

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What is a membrane with an epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer?[a]EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES

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This myeloid tissue does not produce blood cells but serves primarily as a storage site for fat.[a]yellow bone marrow

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What occurs in red marrow only?[a]HEMOPOIESIS

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What is the term for blood cell formation?[a]HEMOPOIESIS

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bone marrow aka [a]MYELOID TISSUE

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What is bone formation in hyaline cartilage?[a]Endochondral Ossification

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What kind of bone is made with densely packed matrix, not porous, forms outer portions of bones and is covered by a periosteum?[a]COMPACT (DENSE) BONE:

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What kind of bone is made with loosely packed matrix. It is porous with spongy appearance; durable and light?[a]CANCELLOUS (SPONGY) BONE:

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What is made of collagen fibers impregnated with calcium carbonate and calcium apatite?[a]MATRIX of bone

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What are the mature bone cells that maintain bone?[a]OSTEOCYTES

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What are the cells that break down bone?[a]OSTEOCLASTS

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What are the cells that build bone?[a]OSTEOBLASTS

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What are the openings in shaft of bone through which blood vessels pass?[a]NUTRIENT FORAMINA

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What is the connective tissue layer lining the medullary cavity?[a]ENDOSTEUM

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What is the cavity in the middle of the diaphysis filled with bone marrow?[a]MEDULLARY CAVITY

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What is hyaline cartilage that covers articular surface of bone?[a]ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

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What is bone growth that occurs beneath the periosteum?[a]INTRAMEMBRANOUS GROWTH

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Inner layer of PERIOSTEUM is called the ?[a]osteogenic layer of PERIOSTEUM

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Outer layer of PERIOSTEUM is composed of what?[a]fibrous layer of PERIOSTEUM

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What is a connective tissue layer that surrounds the surfaces of bones?[a]PERIOSTEUM

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What is bone growth within cartilage called?[a]ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION

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What is between the diaphysis and the epiphyses?[a]EPIPHYSEAL PLATE In growing bone is made up of hyaline cartilage.

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What is the shaft of the bone called?[a]DIAPHYSIS

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What are the ends of the bone called?[a]EPIPHYSIS

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What does the skin make in the presence of sunlight, [necessary for the absorption of calcium in the small intestine] [a]Vit D

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