Blood Deck 1
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HEMATOLOGY – define[a] This term describes the study of blood.
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BLOOD – define[a]This term describes a liquid connective tissue composed of cells and fluid.
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BLOOD – functions[a]TRANSPORTATION, REGULATION, PROTECTION inside the body.
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Body temperature & pH are regulated by what tissue?[a]blood.
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Plasma – percentage of blood[a] 55% of blood.
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Blood cells – percentage of blood[a] 45% of blood.
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7.35 – 7.45 That’s not lotto, but what is it?[a] This is the normal range of pH in blood.
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Water – percentage of plasma[a]Water composes 91% of plasma.
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Proteins – percentage of plasma[a] Proteins are 7% of plasma.
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Solutes – percentage of plasma[a]Solutes are 2% of plasma.
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Albumins, globulins & clotting proteins – define[a]These proteins are collectively known as plasma proteins.
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ALBUMIN – function[a]This substances creates COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE.
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GLOBULINS – function[a]These plasma proteins fight antigens.
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CLOTTING PROTEINS – list[a] PROTHROMBIN and FIBRINOGEN.
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Hemostasis – define[a]This term describes blood clotting.
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Suspension – define[a]This is how blood cells are carried in the bloodstream.
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Solutes – define[a]Materials dissolved in blood plasma.
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What cell lives about 120 days?[a] RBCs.
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How fast are RBC’s produced?[a] 2 million/sec- rate of cell production/destruction.
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THROMBOCYTES aka[a]platelets.
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LEUKOCYTES – aka[a]WBC’s
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ERYTHROCYTES – aka[a] red blood cells
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ERYTHROCYTES – describe[a]Very small, non nucleated cells filled with hemoglobin.
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HEMOGLOBIN – define[a]an oxygen carryting protein molecule with 4 atoms of iron embedded in it.
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HEMOPOIESIS – define[a]This term describes blood cell production.
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Red bone marrow – function[a]This tissue is the site of HEMOPOIESIS.
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Yellow bone marrow – function[a]In this type of marrow fat is stored.
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MYELOID TISSUE – define[a]This term describes bone marrow.
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LYMPHOID TISSUES – list[a] marrow, thymus, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes and lymph vessels.
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VASCULAR SPASM – define[a]This term describes how blood vessel injury causes constriction.
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Blood Deck 1 Reversed
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Which term describes the study of blood?[a]HEMATOLOGY
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Which term describes a liquid connective tissue composed of cells and fluid?[a]BLOOD
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Which substances are carried in blood?[a]Oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, Ca++, Na+, K+, water, uric acid, ammonia & urea
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Which homeostatic systems are regulated by blood?[a]Body temperature & pH
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Which substance composes 55% of blood?[a]Plasma
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Which substance composes 45% of blood?[a]Blood cells
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What is the normal range of pH in blood?[a]7.35 – 7.45
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Which substance composes 91% of plasma?[a]Water
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Which substances make up 7% of plasma?[a]Proteins
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Which substances make ups 2% of plasma?[a]Solutes
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Which solutes are carried in blood?[a]ELECTROLYTES, NUTRIENTS, GASES, WASTES, HORMONES, ENZYMES & VITAMINS
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Which proteins are collectively known as plasma proteins?[a]Albumins, globulins & clotting proteins
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Which substances creates COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE?[a]ALBUMINS
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Which plasma proteins fight antigens?[a]GLOBULINS
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What are PROTHROMBIN and FIBRINOGEN?[a]CLOTTING PROTEINS
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Which term describes blood clotting?[a]Hemostasis
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How are blood cells carried in blood?[a]Suspension
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What is dissolved in blood?[a]Solutes
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How many RBC are there in 1 mm of blood?[a]5 million/mm
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How many WBC are there in 1 mm of blood?[a]5000 to 9000/mm
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How many Platelets are there in 1 mm of blood?[a]150000 – 350000 per cubic mm
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What is the lifespan of RBCs?[a]120 days
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What is the lifespan of WBCs?[a]Variable lifespan, hours to years
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How quickly are RBC produced and destroyed?[a]2 million/sec- rate of cell production/destruction.
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Which term describes platelets?[a]THROMBOCYTES
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White blood cells aka[a]LEUKOCYTES
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red blood cells aka[a]ERYTHROCYTES
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Which cells are very small, non nucleated, and filled with hemoglobin?[a]ERYTHROCYTES
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Which structure consists of a protein molecule with 4 atoms of iron embedded in it?[a]HEMOGLOBIN
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Which term describes blood cell production?[a]HEMOPOIESIS
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Which tissue is the site of HEMOPOIESIS[a]Red bone marrow
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In which type of marrow is fat stored?[a]Yellow bone marrow
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Which term describes bone marrow?[a]MYELOID TISSUE
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Which term describes how blood vessel injury causes constriction?[a]VASCULAR SPASM
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Blood Deck 2
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RBCs – shape[a]These cells have a small biconcave shape.
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RBCs – function[a]These Cells takes care of gas transport and exchange.
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ERYTHROPOIESIS – define[a]production of RBCs
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HEMATOCRIT – define[a]This is the percent of whole blood that is composed of RBC’s.
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ANEMIA – define[a]This is a lower than normal hematocrit.
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What are the causes of ANEMIA?[a]Caused by genes(sickle cell) diet auto-immune disease hemorrhage radiation or chemotherapy.
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LEUKOCYTES – function[a]These cells search for and destroy foreign invaders.
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Sinusoids of the liver and spleen – function[a]This is where old blood cells are broken down?
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DIAPEDISIS – define[a]This is the OOZING or SQUEEZING of fluid though blood vessel walls into interstitial spaces.
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AMEBOID MOTION – define[a]This is how WBC’s swim through connective and interstitial tissues.
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CHEMOTAXIS – define[a]This is how WBCs respond to CHEMICALS being given off by dying cells. (they act like blood hounds)
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PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS – define[a]This is how WBC’s envelop a solid or a liquid.
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GRANULOCYTES – describe[a]These WBC’s have granules containing chemicals.
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GRANULOCYTES – list[a]NEUTROPHILS EOSINOPHILS BASOPHILS.
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NEUTROPHILS contain what chemical in their granules?[a]LYSOZYME to destroy bacteria and other cooties.
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EOSINOPHILS contain what chemical in their granules?[a]Which type of cells contain ANTIHISTAMINES?
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BASOPHILS contain what chemical in their granules?[a]Which type of cells contain histamine heparin and serotonin?
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HISTAMINES – function[a]These enhances inflammation.
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NEUTROPHILS – function[a]These phagocytotic & mobile cells are the FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE against invading microbes.
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NEUTROPHILS are what percentage of WBC’s?[a]70%
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EOSINOPHILS – function[a]These cells reduce inflammation eat antigen-antibody complexes as well as certain worms.
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BASOPHILS – function[a]These cells enhance inflammation and can become mast cells.
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AGRANULOCYTES – describe[a]These cells have no chemically filled granules.
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LYMPHOCYTES – define[a]These cells are part of the IMMUNE system are created in red bone marrow & MATURE in lymphatic tissue.
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ANTIGENS – define[a]This is a foreign cell or molecule triggering the generation of antibodies.
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T-LYMPHOCYTES – function[a]These cells attack antigens and infected body cells
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B-LYMPHOCYTES – function[a]These cells produce antibodies to destroy or disable antigens.
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NATURAL KILLER CELLS – function[a]These cells attack abnormal body cells.
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Memory B and T cells – lifespan/function[a]Which type of cells stay in the body for years and protect against repeated exposure to a given antigen.
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Antibodies – define[a]These proteins are made by Plasma B cells to attack antigens.
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Immunity – define[a]This is the body’s ability to recognize and fight against a re-infection of disease.
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Resistance – define[a]This is the body’s ability to fight disease regardless of previous exposure.
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MONOCYTES – define[a]THESE cells are very large PHAGOCYTIC immune cells (macrophages).
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WANDERING MACROPHAGES – define[a]These cells travel through connective tissues cleaning up debris and attacking antigens.
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FIXED MACROPHAGES – define[a]These cells stay in the liver spleen lungs and CNS to clean up debris and attack invaders.
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Blood Deck 2 Reversed
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Which type of cells cling to sinusoids in the liver and spleen and removed dust in the lungs?[a]FIXED MACROPHAGES
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Which type of cells travel through connective tissues cleaning up debris and attacking antigens?[a]WANDERING MACROPHAGES
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Which type of cells are very large PHAGOCYTIC immune cells (macrophages)?[a]MONOCYTE
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Which term describes the body’s ability to fight disease regardless of previous exposure?[a]Resistance
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Which term describes the body’s ability to recognize and fight against a re-infection of disease?[a]Immunity
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Which type of proteins are made by Plasma B cells to attack antigens?[a]Antibodies
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Which type of cells stay in the body for years and protect against repeated exposure to a given antigen?[a]Memory B and T cells
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Which type of cells attack abnormal body cells?[a]NATURAL KILLER CELLS
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Which type of cells produce antibodies to destroy or disable antigens?[a]B-LYMPHOCYTES
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Which type of cells attack antigens and infected body cells?[a]T-LYMPHOCYTES
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What is a foreign cell or molecule?[a]ANTIGENS
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Which type of cells are part of the IMMUNE system?[a]LYMPHOCYTE
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Which type of cells have no chemically filled granules, are born in red bone marrow & MATURE in lymphatic tissue?[a]AGRANULOCYTES
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Which type of cells ENHANCE inflammation?[a]BASOPHILS
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Which type of cells can become mast cells?[a]BASOPHILS
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Which type of cells reduce inflammation, eat antigen-antibody complexes as well as certain worms?[a]EOSINOPHILS
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Which type of cells compose 70% of the granulocytes?[a]NEUTROPHILS
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Which type of phagocytotic & mobile cells are the FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE against invading microbes?[a]NEUTROPHILS
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Which chemical enhances inflammation?[a]HISTAMINES
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Which type of cells contain histamine, heparin and serotonin?[a]BASOPHILS
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Which type of cells contain ANTIHISTAMINES?[a]EOSINOPHILS
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Which type of cells contain LYSOZYME to destroy bacteria and other cooties?[a]NEUTROPHILS
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Which type of WBC’s include: NEUTROPHILS, EOSINOPHILS, BASOPHILS?[a]GRANULOCYTES
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Which type of WBC’s have granules containing chemicals?[a]GRANULOCYTES
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Which term describes how WBC’s envelop a solid or a liquid?[a]PHAGOCYTOSIS & PINOCYTOSIS
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Which term describes how WBCs respond to CHEMICALS being given off by dying cells? (they act like blood hounds)[a]CHEMOTAXIS
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Which term describes how WBC’s swim through connective and interstitial tissues?[a]AMEBOID MOTION
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Which term describes the OOZING or SQUEEZING of fluid though blood vessel walls into interstitial spaces?[a]DIAPEDISIS
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In which structures are old blood cells broken down?[a]Sinusoids of the liver and spleen – function
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Which cells search for and destroy foreign invaders?[a]LEUKOCYTES
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Which blood condition can be caused by genes(sickle cell), diet, auto-immune disease, hemorrhage, radiation or chemotherapy?[a]ANEMIA
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Which term describes a lower than normal hematocrit?[a]ANEMIA
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Which term describes the percent of whole blood that is composed of RBC’s?[a]HEMATOCRIT
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Which term describes the production RBCs?[a]ERYTHROPOIESIS
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Blood Deck 3
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Thromboplastin is carried by[a]Platelets
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Hemostasis – define[a]This is the body’s ability to stop bleeding.
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Vascular Spasm – define[a]Vessel injury causes thrombocytes to release chemicals that cause vasoconstriction.
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Platelet plug formation – define[a]This process occurs when RBCs and platelets form a plug to fill up a hole in a vessel.
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Coagulation – define[a]This process is a series of chemical reactions resulting in a blood clot.
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Clot retraction – define[a]In this process platelets SHRINK and PULL the ends of the clot INWARD to make the original hole SMALLER.
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Thromboplastin – define[a]This enzyme turns prothrombin into THROMBIN.
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Thrombin – define[a]This enzyme turns fibrinogen into FIBRIN.
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A wad of fibrin and RBC’s make up what?[a]a blood clot
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Prothrombin & fibrinogen – produced by[a]These enzymes are made by the liver to promote clotting.
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Serum – define[a]This is blood plasma WITHOUT the clotting proteins FIBRINOGEN and PROTHROMBIN. It seeps through scabs.
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Thrombus – define[a]This is a stationary clot in an UNRUPTURED vessel.
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Embolis – define[a]This is a FREE FLOATING body in the bloodstream including clots, loose plaques or fat globules.
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Embolism – define[a]This is an embolus that gets stuck.
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Agglutinogens – define[a]These are markers on the RBC’s, denoted as A, B, or + for Rh.
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Agglutinins – define[a]These are the antibodies the body makes to fight off foreign blood types.
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List the markers on a Type A+ blood cell.[a]Agglutinogen A and the Rh factor.
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List the markers on a Type A- blood cell.[a]Agglutinogen A and not the Rh factor.
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List the markers on a Type B- blood cell.[a]Agglutinogen B and not the Rh factor.
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List the markers on a Type AB+ cell. [a]Agglutinogen A, B and the Rh factor.
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List the markers on a Type O+ blood cell.[a]Agglutinogen for the Rh factor only.
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List the markers on a Type O- blood cell.[a]There are no agglutinogens on O-.
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Type A+ recipient can receive blood from?[a]Type A+, A-, O+ and O- for transfusion.
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Type A- recipient can receive blood from?[a]Type A-, and O- for transfusion.
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Type B+ recipient can receive blood from?[a]Type B+, B-, O+ and O- for transfusion.
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Type O- recipient can receive blood from[a]Type O- only for transfusion.
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Type AB+ recipient can receive blood from[a]Type A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ and O- for transfusion. It is the universal recipient.
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Type AB- recipient can receive blood from[a]Type B-, A-, AB- and O- for transfusion.
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Type O- is known as[a]universal donor.
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Type AB+ is known as[a]universal recipient.
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Type O- can be given to[a]type AB+, AB-, A+, A-, B+, B-, O- and O+ for transfusion.
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An Rh- mother is dangerous to[a]To an Rh+ fetus if she has given birth to a Rh+ baby already.
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Blood Deck 3 Reversed
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Which blood type in a mother might cause damage to a Rh+ fetus?[a]An Rh- mother
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Which blood type is acceptable to give to AB+, AB-, A+, A-, B+, B-, O- and O+ for transfusion?[a]Type O-
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Which blood type is known as is the universal recipient?[a]Type AB+
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Which blood type is known as the universal donor[a]Type O-
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Which blood type requires Donor to be type B-, A-, AB- and O- for transfusion?[a]Type AB-
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Which blood type requires Donor to be type A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ and O- for transfusion?[a]Type AB+
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Which blood type requires Donor to be type O- for transfusion?[a]Type O-
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Which blood type requires Donor to be type B+, B-, O+ and O- for transfusion?[a]Type B+
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Which blood type requires the donor to be type A-, and O- for transfusion?[a]Type A-
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Which blood type requires the donor to be type A+, A-, O+ and O- for transfusion?[a]Type A+
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Which blood type has no agglutinogens?[a]Type O blood cell.
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Which blood type has agglutinogen for the Rh factor only?[a]Type O+ blood cell.
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Which blood type has agglutinogen A, B and the Rh factor?[a]Type AB+ cell.
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Which blood type has agglutinogen B and not the Rh factor?[a]Type B- blood cell.
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Which blood type has agglutinogen A and not the Rh factor?[a]Type A- blood cell.
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Which blood type has agglutinogen A and the Rh factor?[a]Type A+ blood cell.
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Which terms describes the antibodies the body makes to fight off foreign blood types?[a]Agglutinins
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Which terms describes the markers on the RBC’s?[a]Agglutinogens
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Which terms describes an embolus that gets stuck?[a]Embolism
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Which terms describes FREE FLOATING bodies in blood including clots, loose plaque or fat globules?[a]Embolis
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Which term describes a stationary clot in an UNRUPTURED vessel?[a]Thrombus
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Which terms describes blood plasma WITHOUT the clotting proteins FIBRINOGEN and PROTHROMBIN? It seeps through scabs.[a]Serum
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Which enzymes does the liver make to promote clotting?[a]Prothrombin & fibrinogen
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What are blood clots made of?[a]A wad Fibrin and RBC’s.
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Which enzyme turns fibrinogen into FIBRIN?[a]Thrombin
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Which enzyme turns prothrombin into THROMBIN?[a]Thromboplastin
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In which process do platelets SHRINK, PULL the ends of the clot INWARD & make the original hole SMALLER?[a]Clot retraction
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Which process is a series of chemical reactions resulting in a blood clot?[a]Coagulation
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Which process occurs when RBCs and platelets form a plug to fill up a hole in a vessel?[a]Platelet plug formation
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Which process occurs when vessel injury causes thrombocytes to release chemicals that cause vasoconstriction?[a]Vascular Spasm
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Which term describes the body’s ability to stop bleeding?[a]Hemostasis
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Which substance is contained in Platelets?[a]Thromboplastin
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