Vertebrae
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What structure is made of 80 bones[a] the axial skeleton
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What structure is made of 126 bones[a]the appendicular skeleton
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What structure is made of 26 bones[a] vertebral column
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Which part of the VC is made of 7 bones[a] cervical
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Which part of the VC is made of 12 bones[a] thoracic
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Which part of the VC is made of 5 bones[a]lumbar
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What structure is made of 5 fused vertebrae[a] sacrum
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posterior (primary) curves – list[a]thoracic and sacral curves
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anterior (secondary) curves – list[a] the cervical and lumbar curves
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What is the lowest bone in the vertebral column/[a] the coccyx
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What are the most anterior structure of vertebra?[a] the body of the vertebra
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What are the pedicles?[a]These are the “bridges” between the body and the transverse processes of the vertebrae (Each has a superior and inferior VERTEBRAL NOTCH.)
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What are the laminae?[a]These are the “bridges” between the transverse processes and spinous processes of the vertebrae (When the column is stacked they form the LAMINAR GROOVE.)
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What is the neural arch?[a]This structure is formed by the pedicles and laminae on the posterior portion of the vertebra.
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What are the transverse processes?[a]These are located on each side of a vertebra, point laterally and are used for muscle and rib attachment in the thoracic region.
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Where are the spinous process[a]These are the most posterior portion of a vertebra.
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What are the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS and INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS for?[a]These structures forms joints with adjacent vertebrae
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The POSTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS are composed of which processes?[a]These joints are formed by the inferior and superior articular processes of the posterior vertebrae.
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Where are the ANTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS/ SYMPHYSES?[a]These are the joints located between the vertebral bodies.
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intervertebral disc – structure[a] fibrocartilage surrounnding a colloid (acts like a shock absorber)
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The annulus fibrosus is part of what?[a] fibrocartilage outer part of a disc
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The nucleus pulposus is part of what?[a] gelatinous fluid within a disc
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transverse foramina – location[a] small holes in the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae
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bifid spinous processes – location[a] the spinous processes of C2-C6 forked to accommodate the nuchal ligament
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C1 aka[a] the atlas
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C2 aka[a] the axis
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Which bones make up the atlantooccipital joint[a] the atlas and condyles (rounded bumps) of the occipital bone of the skull
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What movement does the atlantoaxial joint allow for[a]This joint permits neck rotation. (Looks like shaking your head “no” and is a synovial pivot joint.)
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vertebra prominens – location[a] C7
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Vertebrae reversed
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What is located at C7?[a]vertebra prominens
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What is the joint that permits neck rotation? (Looks like shaking your head “no” and is a synovial pivot joint.)[a]the atlantoaxial joint
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What is the joint between the atlas and condyles (rounded bumps) of the occipital bone of the skull?[a] the atlantooccipital joint
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What vertebea forms the axis?[a]C2
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What vertebrea forms the atlas?[a]C1
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How are the spinous processes of C2-C6 different?[a]bifid spinous processes and transverse foramina
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What are the small holes in the transverse processes of all the cervical vertebrae?[a]transverse foramina
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What is the gelatinous fluid within a disc?[a]The nucleus pulposus
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What is the collagenous(fibrous) outer part of a disc?[a]The annulus fibrosus
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What is made of fibrocartilage and acts like a shock absorber?[a]intervertebral disc
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What are the joints located between the vertebral bodies?[a] ANTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS/ SYMPHYSES
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What joints are formed by the inferior and superior articular processes of the posterior vertebrae?[a]The POSTERIOR INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS
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What structures forms the posterior joints with adjacent vertebrae?[a] the SUPERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS and INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACETS
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What is located on the most posterior portion of a vertebra?[a] the spinous process
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What is located on each side of a vertebra, point laterally and are used for muscle and rib attachment in the thoracic region?[a] the transverse processes
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What is the structure formed by the pedicles and laminae on the posterior portion of the vertebra?[a] the neural arch
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What are the “bridges” between the transverse processes and spinous processes of the vertebrae? (When the column is stacked they form the LAMINAR GROOVE)[a]the laminae
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What are the “bridges” between the body and the transverse processes of the vertebrae? (Each has a superior and inferior VERTEBRAL NOTCH.)[a] the pedicles
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Where is the body of the vertebra?[a] the most anterior structure of vertebra
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What are the cervical and lumbar curves?[a]anterior (secondary) curves
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What are the thoracic and sacral curves?[a]posterior (primary) curves
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What is the sacrum made of?[a] 5 fused vertebrae
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What is the number of lumbar vertebrae?[a] 5 bones
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What is the number of thoracic vertebrae?[a] 12 bones
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What is the number of cervical vertebrae?[a] 7 bones
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What is the number of bones in the vertebral column?[a]of 26 bones
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What is the number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?[a]126 bones
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What is the number of bones in the axial skeleton?[a] 80 bones
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What is the number of bones in the entire skeleton?[a]206 bones
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Vertebral column thorax and skull
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COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS – describe[a]These joints are located between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the heads of the ribs.
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List the bones of the the thorax[a]the ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum compose.
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True Ribs aka[a]These are the vertebrosternal ribs
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False Ribs aka[a]These are the vertebrochondral and floating ribs.
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costal cartilage – describe[a] This binds ribs to sternum.
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xiphoid process – describe[a]That is the lowest portion of the sternum and the site of muscle attachment for diaphragm and rectus abdominus.
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GOMPHOSES – location[a]These type of joints are located between the teeth and alveoli.
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SUTURES – location[a]These type of joints bind the cranial bones together.
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Sagittal suture – location[a] the suture between parietal bones.
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Coronal suture – location[a] the suture between frontal and parietal bones.
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Squamosal suture – location[a]the suture between temporal bones and parietal/frontal/sphenoid bones.
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Lambdoidal suture – location[a] the suture between occipital and parietal bones.
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Fontanels – location[a] The “soft spots” on infants heads where the bones of the skull have not ossified.
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incus aka[a] anvil.
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malleus aka[a] hammer.
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stapes aka[a] stirrup. (it even looks like one)
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Vertebral column thorax and skull reversed
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Which auditory ossicle is called the stirrup? [a]stapes
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Which auditory ossicle is called the hammer?[a]malleus
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Which auditory ossicle is called the anvil?[a]incus
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Name the “soft spots” on infants heads where the bones of the skull have not ossified.[a]Fontanels
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Name the suture between occipital and parietal bones.[a]Lambdoidal suture
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Name the suture between temporal bones and parietal/frontal/sphenoid bones.[a]Squamosal suture
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Name the suture between frontal and parietal bones.[a]Coronal suture
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Name the suture between parietal bones.[a]Sagittal suture
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Which type of joints bind the cranial bones together?[a]SUTURES
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Which type of joints are located between the teeth and alveoli?[a]GOMPHOSES
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What is the lowest portion of the sternum and the site of muscle attachment for diaphragm and rectus abdominus?[a]xiphoid process
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What attaches ribs to sternum?[a]costal cartilage
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Which are the vertebrochondral and floating ribs?[a] False Ribs
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Which are the vertebrosternal ribs[a]True Ribs
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What do the bones of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae and sternum compose?[a]the thorax
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Which joints are located between the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae and the heads of the ribs?[a]COSTOVERTEBRAL JOINTS
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skull
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NASAL BONES – describe [a] the bridge of the nose.
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INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE – describe [a]These scroll shaped bones articulate with the ethmoid.
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VOMER – describe [a] the inferior portion of the nasal septum.
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ZYGOMATIC (MALAR) BONES – describe [a] These bones form the prominence of the cheeks and part of orbit.
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the cranial bones – list [a] frontal (1), parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital (1), ethmoid (1), and sphenoid (1).
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PALATINE BONES – describe [a] These are the “L” shaped bones that contribute to the roof of the mouth.
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LACRIMAL BONES – describe [a]These are the smallest bones of the face and lie in the medial walls of the orbits.
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List the Facial bones:[a]the nasal (2), maxilla (2), lacrimal (2), zygomatic (2), mandible (1), inferior nasal conchae (2), palatine (2), vomer (1)
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foramen magnum – function [a]This is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the cranium.
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occipital condyles – function [a]These features articulate with the superior articular processes of the atlas to form the atlantooccipital joint.
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supraorbital ridge – location [a]This is the ridge forming superior margin of orbit of the frontal bone.
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PARIETAL BONES – function [a]These bones form the side walls and bulk of the roof of the cranium.
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OCCIPITAL BONE – function [a]This bone forms the lower cranial floor.
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external auditory meatus – location [a]This is the canal through the temporal bone.
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mandibular fossa – describe [a]This is the indentation anterior to the auditory meatus of the temporal bone that receives the mandibular condyle o form the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT.
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styloid process – describe [a]This projects down from the temporal bone and suspends the hyoid
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mastoid process – describe [a]large rounded bumps that serve as a muscle attachment for the sternocleidomastiod. (temporal)
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sella turcica – describe [a] “seat” or “saddle” for the pituitary gland. (sphenoid)
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ETHMOID – describe [a]This forms most of nasal cavity, a tiny part of cranial floor and some of the orbit.
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crista galli “cock’s comb” – describe [a]This structure which anchors the DURA MATER of the brain to the ethmoid bone.
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turbinates – describe [a]These are the scroll-shaped projections covered by a mucous membrane that extend from the labyrinths into the cavity of ethmoid.
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MANDIBLE – describe [a] the lower jawbone.
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mandibular condyle – describe [a]This is the rounded projection on the posterior aspect of the ramus that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
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alveolar ridge w/ alveoli – describe [a]These are the portions of the mandible and maxillae that receive teeth.
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MAXILLARY BONES- describe [a] the upper jaw bones.
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skull reversed
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What is the name of the upper jaw bones?[a]MAXILLARY BONES
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What is the portion of the mandible and maxillae that receive teeth?[a]alveolar ridge w/ alveoli
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What is the rounded projection on the posterior aspect of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone?[a]mandibular condyle
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What is the name of the lower jawbone?[a]MANDIBLE
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What are the scroll-shaped projections covered by mucous membrane that extend from the labyrinths into the cavity of ethmoid?[a]turbinates
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What is the structure which anchors the DURA MATER of the brain to the ethmoid bone?[a]crista galli “cock’s comb”
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What forms most of nasal cavity, a tiny part of cranial floor and some of the orbit?[a]ETHMOID
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What serves as a “seat” or “saddle” for the pituitary gland?[a]sella turcica
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What is the “keystone” of the skull?[a]SPHENOID BONE
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What are the large rounded bumps that serve as a muscle attachment for the sternocleidomastiod?[a] mastoid process
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What projects down from the temporal bone and suspends the hyoid?[a] styloid process
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What is the indentation anterior to the auditory meatus of the temporal bone that receives the mandibular condyle to form the TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT?[a]mandibular fossa
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What is the canal through the temporal bone?[a]external auditory meatus
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Which bone forms the lower cranial floor?[a]OCCIPITAL BONE
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Which bones form the side walls and bulk of the roof of the cranium?[a]PARIETAL BONE
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What is the ridge forming superior margin of orbit of the frontal bone?[a]supraorbital ridge
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What features articulate with the superior articular processes of the atlas to form the atlantooccipital joint?[a]occipital condyles
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What is the hole through which the spinal cord exits the cranium?[a]foramen magnum
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Which are the smallest bones of the face and lie in the medial walls of the orbits?[a]LACRIMAL BONES
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Which are the “L” shaped bones that contribute to the roof of the mouth?[a]PALATINE BONES
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Which bones form the prominence of the cheeks and part of orbit?[a]ZYGOMATIC (MALAR) BONES
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Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?[a]VOMER
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Which scroll shaped bones articulate with the ethmoid?[a]INFERIOR NASAL CONCHAE
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What bones make the bridge of the nose?[a]NASAL BONES
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What are the only freely movable joints of the skull?[a]TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTS (TMJ)
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