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Tendon – define [a]This type of white, dense, regular fibrous connective tissue is located at the ends of the muscle belly and attaches to bone by interweaving with the periosteum.

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Aponeurosis – define [a]This type of tendon is broad, flat and attaches over a wide area.

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Belly – define [a]The central portion of the muscle, where muscle fibers are found which can contract and relax.

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Origin – define [a]This attachment of the muscle on the bone is more likely to remain stationary when the muscle contracts. (tip: usually proximal or superior in the extremities)

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Insertion – define [a] This attachment of the muscle on the bone that is more likely to move when the muscle contracts.(usually distal or inferior on the extremities)

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Agonist or prime mover – define [a]This muscle is considered strongest (the initiator) during a given movement.

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Synergist – define [a]This type of muscle may assist the agonist in performing its action.

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Antagonist – define [a]This type of muscle is capable of performing the opposite action of the agonist.

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Fixator – define [a]This type of muscle stabilizes a bone so it won’t move while another muscle is contracting.

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How do you stretch a muscle?[a] MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION FARTHER AWAY FROM THE ORIGIN.

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How do you slacken a muscle?[a] MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION TOWARD THE ORIGIN.

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Muscles that cross anterior to a joint would tend to do what action?[a]Flexion (except for knee).

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Muscles that cross posterior to a joint would tend to do what action?[a]Extension (except for knee).

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Motor unit – define [a]A motor neuron and the muscle fibers that it innervates.

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Hypotonia – define [a]Less than normal muscle tone.

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Hypertonia – define [a]Excess muscle tone.

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Atonia – define [a]No muscle tone at all.

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What factors determine Muscle power?[a]The number of fibers in the muscle. The thickness and type of each muscle fiber. How the muscle crosses the joint. The number of motor units firing. The arrangement of muscle fibers.

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Isometric Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when tension increases without producing movement at the joint.

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Isotonic Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when tension on the muscle is maintained while the length is altered.

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Concentric Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when the muscle shortens initiating movement.

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Eccentric Contraction – define [a]This type of contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens, resisting movement and gravity.

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Which type of contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens, resisting movement and gravity?[a]Eccentric Contraction

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Which type of contraction occurs when the muscle shortens initiating movement?[a]Concentric Contraction

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Which type of contraction occurs when tension on the muscle is maintained while the length is altered?[a]Isotonic Contraction

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Which type of contraction occurs when tension increases without producing movement at the joint?[a]Isometric Contraction

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Name the term for no muscle tone at all.[a]Atonia

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Name the term for excess muscle tone.[a]Hypertonia

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Name the term for less than normal muscle tone.[a]Hypotonia

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Name the term for a motor neuron plus the muscle fibers that it innervates.[a]Motor unit

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For a muscle to extend a joint, what aspect of the joint must is cross? [a]posterior(except for knee)

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For a muscle to flex a joint, what aspect of the joint must is cross? [a] anterior (except for knee).

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When you MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION TOWARD THE ORIGIN, what are you doing?[a] Slakening the muscle.

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When you MOVE A MUSCLE INSERTION FARTHER AWAY FROM THE ORIGIN, what are you doing?[a] Stretching the muscle

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Which type of muscle stabilizes a bone so it won’t move while another muscle is contracting?[a]Fixator

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Which type of muscle is capable of performing the opposite action of the agonist?[a]Antagonist

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Which type of muscle may assist the agonist in performing its action?[a]Synergist

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Which muscle is considered strongest (the initiator) during a given movement?[a]Agonist or prime mover

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Which attachment of the muscle on the bone is more likely to move when the muscle contracts?[a]Insertion

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Which attachment of the muscle on the bone is more likely to remain stationary when the muscle contracts?[a]Origin (tip: usually proximal in the extremities)

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Name the central portion of the muscle, where muscle fibers are found which can contract and relax.[a]Belly

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Which type of tendon is broad, flat and attaches over a wide area?[a]Aponeurosis

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Which type of white, dense, regular fibrous connective tissue is located at the ends of the muscle belly and attaches to bone by interweaving with the periosteum?[a]Tendon

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