Reflexes
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stimulus define – [a] a change in the internal or external environment
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receptor define – [a]this structure senses a change and creates a nerve impulse
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sensory neuron define – [a] this structure carries impulse into the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord)
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integration center define – [a] the area of brain or spinal cord where sensory and motor neurons communicate
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motor neuron define – [a]this structure carries a nerve impulse out of the integration center to the effector
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effector define – [a] this structure creates a response in a reflex
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association neuron/interneuron define – [a] This neuron connects sensory and motor neurons together in the integration center
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Where do Spinal Reflexes synapse? [a] in spinal cord matter
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Where do Cranial Reflexes synapse? [a] in the brain nuclei
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Somatic Reflexes use what kind of effector? [a] skeletal muscle
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Autonomic Reflexes use what kind of effector? [a] cardiac, smooth muscle or glands
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Proprioceptive Reflexes use what kind of receptor? [a] muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs
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Withdrawal reflexes use what kind of receptor? [a] nociceptors
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How many synapses does a Monosynaptic Reflex have? [a] only one synapse in the arc
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How many synapses does a Polysynaptic Reflex have? [a]more than one synapse in the arc
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How many segments does a Monosegmental Reflex use? [a] One
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How many segments does a Polysegmental Reflex use? [a] more than one
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Ipsilateral Reflex define – [a] the receptor and effector are on the same side of the body
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Contralateral Reflex define – [a] the receptor is on one side and effectors are on both sides
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Excitatory Reflex define – [a] causes excitation of the effector
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Inhibitory Reflex define – [a] causes inhibition of the effector
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Reciprocal Innervation define – [a] causes inhibition of an antagonist when the agonist is stimulated
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Stretch Reflex define – [a] causes contraction when a muscle is stretched quickly
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Golgi Tendon Reflex define – [a] causes a muscle to relax when a muscle or tendon is stretched for a while
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Muscle Spindle – location [a] in the belly of the muscle
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Muscle Approximation define – [a] a technique where the therapist pushes ends of muscle together to slacken it. Turns down spindles, decreases muscle tone.
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Positional release define – [a]In this technique the therapist puts a muscle on slack by changing position of the joint. This is done to decrease muscle tension.
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Golgi Tendon Organ – location [a] musculotendinous junction
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Flexor/Withdraw Reflex descibe – [a]the limb is pulled away (withdrawn) from a painful stimulus due to activation of the flexor muscles.
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Crossed Extensor Reflex describe – [a] a painful stimulus causes withdrawal reflex on the same side and extensor activation on the opposite side of body.
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Nociceptors – function [a] These free nerve endings sense pain.
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Reflexes reversed
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Which term describes a change in the internal or external environment?[a]stimulus
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Which structure in the body senses a change and creates a nerve impulse?[a]receptor
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Which type of neuron carries impulse into the central nervous system (brain or spinal cord)?[a]sensory neuron
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Which term describes the area of brain or spinal cord where sensory and motor neurons communicate?[a]integration center
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Which type of neuron carries nerve impulse out of the integration center to the effector?[a]motor neuron
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Which type of structure creates a response in a reflex?[a]effector
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Which type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons together in the integration center?[a]association neuron/interneuron
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Which type of reflexes is it if the integration center is located in spinal cord matter?[a]Spinal Reflexes
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Which type of reflexes is it if the integration center is located in the brain nuclei?[a] Cranial Reflexes
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Which type of reflex is it where the effector is skeletal muscle?[a]Somatic Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the effector is cardiac, smooth muscle or glands?[a]Autonomic Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the stimulus is detected by muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs?[a]Proprioceptive Reflexes
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Which type of reflex is it where the stimulus is detected by nociceptors?[a]Withdrawal reflexes
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Which type of reflexes occur where stimulus is in the viscera, response in the soma?[a] Visceral-Somatic Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the stimulus in the soma (musculoskeletal system) causes response in viscera?[a] Somato-Visceral Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where there is only one synapse in the arc?[a] Monosynaptic Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where there is more than one synapse in the arc?[a] Polysynaptic Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the receptor and effector are innervated by the same cord segment?[a] Monosegmental Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the interneurons spread responses to adjacent segments?[a] Polysegmental Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the receptor and effector are on the same side of the body?[a]Ipsilateral Reflex
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Which type of reflex is it where the receptor is on one side and effectors are on both sides?[a]Contralateral Reflex
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Which type of reflex causes excitation of the effector?[a]Excitatory Reflex
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Which type of reflex causes inhibition of the effector?[a]Inhibitory Reflex
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Which type of reflex causes inhibition of an antagonist when the agonist is stimulated?[a]Reciprocal Innervation
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Which type of reflex causes contraction when a muscle is stretched quickly?[a]Stretch Reflex
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Which type of reflex causes a muscle to relax when a muscle or tendon is stretched for a while?[a]Golgi Tendon Reflex
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Which proprioceptor is located in the belly of the muscle?[a]Muscle Spindle
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Which is the proprioceptor located in the musculotendinous junction?[a]Golgi Tendon Organ
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Which type of reflex occurs when the limb is pulled away (withdrawn) from a painful stimulus due to activation of the flexor muscles?[a]Flexor/Withdraw Reflex
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Which type of reflex occurs when a painful stimulus causes withdrawal reflex on the same side and extensor activation on the opposite side of body?[a]Crossed Extensor Reflex
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Which free nerve endings sense pain?[a]Nociceptors
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